New Restaurant Business and Operations Plan

New Restaurant Business and Operations Plan Official Summary Delicias, in contrast to other run of the mill cafés, will give an extraordinary fantastic food at esteem evaluating inside an engaging climate. Delicias will be arrangement because of an expanding request in an incentive for everything the food bought; clients are not ready to acknowledge whatever doesn't meettheir desires and a requirement for engaging while at the same time eating. Delicias will give soups/plates of mixed greens, canapés, pastries and courses to the San Diego showcase. I will arrangement this business to furnish the clients with esteem for their buy and to acknowledge benefits from the business. The business will have the option to meet its goal by offering esteem estimating and engaging condition to its clients. This will be a rewarding business and I hope to open different cafés with a comparative arrangement in future. Eatery Description/Concept Statement The eatery will begin as a basic sole ownership I will be the proprietor. The organizer will concentrate on both the activity and money related administration of the café. The author has a Masters Degree in Business Management and Administration and has been working for different café organizations for more than 5 years. The abundance of experienced picked up and the instructive foundation of the originator empowers the author to effectively oversee and run the café. The originator has decided to take part in sole ownership to guarantee that business choices are made rapidly. Besides, sole ownership has been favored in light of the fact that the originator has not discovered some other individuals with comparative business thoughts. The business will be little in this manner producing a little overall revenue and there could be issues while sharing benefits. Statement of purpose Delicias will be an incredible spot to eat since it will consolidate a fascinating air with amazing and intriguing food that is additionally excellent for the individuals who eat inside the café. I am searching for reasonable benefit and a remunerating place where my representatives can work. Vision Statement: Delicias café is where clients come to unwind, get enteretained while they unwind and appreciate delicios food. From the second our clients stroll into the eatery, they are invited by a warm air, engaging music and obliging employes. Café Concept Physical Location Delicias café will be situated in San Diego, California at La Jolla. La Jolla has been decided for the café area since it has higher scale neighborhoods, where the individuals would all the more effectively pay for an increasingly costly lunch or supper. The café will be a cutting edge style engineering, straightforward yet exquisite. Eatery plan The porch region will be brimming with occasional blossoms and palm trees and a pleasant drinking fountain to highlight the open air feeling. Within will have high roofs and a stone floor with present day tables and seats. The kitchen will be toward one side of the eatery, with a long flat window, so the visitors can appreciate the procedure of their food. An assortment of good wines is likewise vital in an extraordinary café, so it should have a wine basement, I might want it to be additionally obvious to the visitors so they can see our wide assortment and how wonderful a wine basement can be. Decorative spreads, plates, glasses and flatware will likewise be basic, exceptionally present day and roomy to give the look to my plates. An examination led in Britain in 2003 among the eatery proprietors demonstrated that the cafés can build their overall revenues by playing traditional music inside the eatery while clients eat. This is on the grounds that burger joints spend a normal of 10% more per supper while tuning in to old style music than while tuning in to different types of music, for example, popular music. An eatery which has no music is probably not going to record high deals on the grounds that the clients are probably going to be exhausted and this diminishes their spending. The feel of a café is a significant viewpoint. At Delicias, customers will hope to make some decent memories, where they eat tasty food and unwind. Hence, my customers will appreciate a pleasant exemplary music while they are eating and jumping. Administrations Delicias will concentrate on soups/servings of mixed greens, tidbits and courses. Plate of mixed greens plans will be utilized to furnish the clients with a various and unordinary menu. Delicias has likewise understood the interest of the clients in San Diego for solid dishes and will give a wide blend of sound food to fulfill this need. The clients around San Diego like going out with their loved ones to places where they can unwind and get engaged and are happy to go through cash to get these administrations. In this manner, I need an American style so they can feel great like in the event that they would eat at home, however with the pinch of top notch food. The bit of top notch food will be giving by the feeling, enhancement and food introduction. Insurance A few things will be given to the clients as pledges. The point of these things will be to guarantee that the clients are guaranteed of the nature of the administration and items the café offers them. The securities will likewise make a decent connection between the administration, the workers and the clients. A portion of the pledges which will be given incorporate printed menus, business cards and gift vouchers. Promoting Plan A powerful promoting arrangement will be drafted and executed and will involve a mix of nearby media and the café advertising programs. The in-store showcasing programs are viewed as increasingly compelling on the grounds that they will be used at the café while having direct contact with the clients. This will incorporate the utilization of table tents, in-store visit given to each new client, outside marquee message changed week after week, divider banners, yearly birthday celebrations and terrific opening festival. Other media will be locked in once the café extends. For instance, Radio crusade will be utilized to publicize our items and administrations and the administration will make live introduction on the radio about its administrations. Paper crusade will likewise be utilized to put a few enormous adverts during the time to disclose the café idea to the clients in San Diego. The best type of promotion will be verbal. The eatery will pull in more clients by giving quality and solid food inside a cool and engaging condition to the clients. The costs will be moderate and the food will be served in a perfect and amicable condition. Messages containing inside photos of the café will be sent to planned clients. The administration will utilize three diverse showcasing strategies to expand client familiarity with the eatery. Delicias most significant strategy will be verbal exchange or in-store promoting. This advertising system has been picked in light of the fact that it is modest yet has an extraordinary capability of drawing in more clients. The Local Store Marketing (LSM) will be the second advertising strategy. These promoting plans require low spending plans. Be that as it may, the utilization of the media has a more extensive client impact yet this won't utilized on the grounds that the business is simply beginning and has not produced enough cash for the adverts. Delicias principle center in advertising will be to expand client mindfulness among the clients in San Diego and the neighboring towns. Delicias will likewise coordinate the entirety of its strategies and projects toward the objective of clarifying what the café offers and how it offers to the current and planned clients. The items will be evaluated decently, keeping measures high, and executing the idea. Besides, there will be no outside advertising for the initial sixty days of business. The café will likewise target celebration seasons to draw in more clients. Be that as it may, the administration of the eatery will be mindful so as not to get a bigger number of clients than the café can suit and serve successfully. Evaluating Strategy All menu things will be tolerably valued. This will be finished by guaranteeing that the food are of high caliber and this will help the café in being the worth chief in the eatery business inside San Diego. Offer Competitive Advantage The café will be appropriately brightened to increase the value of the food we are offering at the eatery. For instance, the utilization of occasional blossoms and palm trees and pleasant drinking fountain to emphasize the open air atmosphere while within will have high roofs and a stone floor with current tables and seats. Serving an assortment of food will guarantee that the client gets what they need without a moment's delay. The eatery will likewise have both VIP lunch and supper and this will be done to help the administration prepare and acquaint the staff with the café clients. The clients will basically be occupants of San Diego, California however we will likewise welcome guests from different districts. All the guests at the double occasion will get a greeting for themselves and extra one for their companions/relatives complimentary. So as to increase an upper hand, we will likewise be serving top quality sweets, soups and starters on the premises and prepared flawlessly. With our high supper volume, there will be no hanging tight for a food since we will have the café supplied with each level of doneness. It is clear that no eatery has tapped this market. Target Market Delicias is confronted with the energizing chance of being the principal mover in an eatery where quality food is offered in an engaging situation. The steady ubiquity of soup, hors d'oeuvres and pastries joined with a worth cost has demonstrated to be the triumphant idea in different markets and will create similar outcomes in this endeavor. The market has been characterized in the accompanying gatherings as focused fragments. The following are the focused on advertise fragments for the café. Age Delicias will offer food to a wide assortment of individuals over all ages. Area Delicias eatery will be situated in San Diego, California at La Jolla. Sex the café will target both genders with a slight slant

Humanisitic Perspective

The Humanistic Perspective The humanistic point of view in brain research says that we are liable for our activities with regards to savagery. I accept that the humanistic point of view is the most ideal approach to depict the activities of brutality. There are numerous instances of this that have been examined that help this point of view. A few instances of savagery that help this point of view incorporate Joel Rifkin, the two children thrill murder. Humanistic brain science is simply the productive perspective on human assurance. It is the translation of the conduct of somebody is intentional.This implies someone’s activities with savagery are their decision and they are aware of what they are doing. The humanistic point of view accepts the individual who is acting savagery is liable for their activities. Viciousness as I would see it can be best clarified in the humanistic hypothesis. Individuals realize what they are doing and it is their decision in the event that they n eed to do it. With regards to brutality individuals are fit for realizing what is correct and what's going on. On account of Joel Rifkin, he was a sequential executioner who killed whores in the mid 1990’s in New York City. He was completely mindful of what he was doing and his activities were intended.In a meeting after he was sentenced Rifkin explained to specialists the thinking behind why he kept on slaughtering. He said that there was a rush to executing and it gave him a surge of adrenaline. This is a precise case of the humanistic point of view since he understood what he was doing and the outcomes that may join his activities and he proceeded with his savagery upheavals. A rush slaughtering is planned homicide submitted by an individual who isn't really experiencing mental unsteadiness, and doesn't have anything against them, however is rather persuaded by the sheer energy of the act.In the situation where the two little youngsters carried on and murdered one of their cohorts for the â€Å"thrill† of it is an ideal case of the humanistic hypothesis. Despite the fact that they were youthful they realized that murdering somebody for entertainment only wasn't right and they did it at any rate. Their conduct was deliberate and pre-decided. These horrible wrongdoings are incredible instances of the humanistic thought and why it is the most significant point of view when contemplating savagery.

Choosing the Best Business Practice Argumentative Essay Topics

Choosing the Best Business Practice Argumentative Essay TopicsThere are many types of business practice argumentative essay topics that you can use to help your students. You should try to make sure that each topic in each chapter is tailored to help the student understand their business practices. This will help to make the business practice argumentative essay a much more useful essay.A great way to start out your essay is to explain how your students can make a business that is profitable and will bring in the money they need for possible financial investments or profits. These types of businesses are all about making a profit and bringing in a large amount of money for the owners. This will help your students to see how they can benefit from making the business profitable.Other ideas to include in the essays are how the students can benefit from having unique talents. Since business practice is very specialized and this is something that a lot of people do not understand, it will be helpful for students to see how they can benefit from having unique talents. This will allow them to see that the skills they have are valuable and will be valuable to other people.There are many different areas that you can use to help students see how they can benefit from having the skills they have. These include things like people who have all the skills but do not make as much money as they would like can benefit from working on a hobby that will bring in some extra money. They can make their hobby into a business and bring in some additional cash that they can use for possible investment options.People need to also realize that they can benefit from having different business. Since most people are in business for the purpose of making money, they will always find ways to keep the business running so that they can earn some money on a regular basis. This will help them see that they can benefit from different business practices and will see how the skills they have are val uable.When students realize how they can benefit from having the skills they have, they can get to study all of the different business forms. The different forms of business are all very specialized and they will be able to benefit from studying them. This will help them see that they can benefit from all of the different business forms and will be able to see how these forms of business will help them benefit from different jobs.The best thing to do when students begin to gain the knowledge that they need is to explain to them how they can benefit from the skills they have. In this way, they will be able to take the information that they learned and apply it to real life situations. This will allow them to see how they can benefit from these skills and will allow them to gain some knowledge that will help them to know the different things that they can do to make a business successful.The types of business practice argumentative essay topics that you use should be flexible. This me ans that you should be able to use the different types of essay topics that you find to explain different aspects of business. You should be able to explain how the skills a person has been useful in all situations. It is also important that you do not limit yourself to a particular set of skills to help students benefit from the skills they have.

A Doll House. Torvald Qualities - 780 Words

Does Torvald have redeeming qualities? Yes he does. Torvald is a lawyer, meaning he’s wealthy. It’s very obvious that he loves his wife Nora; he gives her whatever she wants within reason and is a great provider. Nora, in my opinion is what we call a â€Å"gold digger† now and days. She’s is constantly asking for money from her husband Torvald and spending it on things that she honestly doesn’t need, she just likes money. Nora’s running over him and he is completely blind to see it. In Act 1, it’s made clear that Torvald has redeeming qualities. In the story it is Christmas, the glorious holiday season. Torvald is all about keeping his wife happy as it seems, Nora wants an extravagant Christmas this year. He isn’t too fond of the idea, he†¦show more content†¦He never wanted her unhappy or upset with him. But no matter what he did, he was always at fault for something; Norma never seemed to be completely happy. All Tor vald did was fire Krogstad, and his marriage went into jeopardy. Nora decided to leave. She’s not even taking their children with her. She tells Torvald that she’s â€Å"sure† she’ll think of him and the children often. Nora gave Torvald the keys to their home and told him it’sShow MoreRelated Failure of a Marriage Depicted in Ibsens A Dolls House Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesA House in Ruins In Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House, the subject most important to the story is marriage. Until death do us part well, not always. Everywhere one looks, divorce is plaguing society. The treasured marriage vows have become nothing but a promise made to be broken. A Dolls House is a prime example of a relationship that didnt work. To keep a marriage alive and well it must hold onto certain qualities: love, communication, trust and loyalty. With these qualities, any marriageRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen901 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll House showcases the harsh reality and truth of someone being something that they are not, and it shows the journey that Nora Helmer has to take to realize what she wants in life to find the real her. Throughout the play A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, we learn about the main character and her qualities. Nora Helmer is the wife of Torvald Helmer, who became very unhealthy. By trying to help her husband’s health, Nora begins going into debt a nd commits a criminal offense, forgery; she does allRead MoreA Dolls House Essay790 Words   |  4 Pagesthat makes one strong; sometimes it’s letting go. In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, Nora’s departure becomes the controversial topic of debate for many readers; was Nora Helmer justified in leaving her husband and kids or not? It is argued that both parents are needed for a child to succeed in life and that separation is an act of cowardness. However, several readers also debate that Nora was justified in leaving Torvald and her kids. The mistreatment Nora constantly faced through offensive nicknamesRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen1712 Words   |  7 PagesIn Henrik Ibsen’s play, A Doll House, Nora Helmer represents many feministic ideals of the late eighteen hundreds. The ending is often what the play as a whole is remembered by, due to its shocking nature. Nora, the female lead of the play decides to leave her home suddenly, after a con frontation with her husband Torvald and never returns. Many saw this as a huge decision that was made abruptly, however what they fail to notice are the aspects that motivated Nora from the start of the play. At firstRead More Societal Views of Women in the Victorian Era in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House887 Words   |  4 PagesVictorian Era in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House A Doll’s House, by Henrik Ibsen, creates a peephole into the lives of a family in the Victorian Era. The play portrays a female viewpoint in a male-dominated society. The values of the society are described using the actions of a woman, Nora, who rebels against the injustices inflicted upon her gender. Women’s equality with men was not recognized by society in the late 1800’s. Rather, a woman was considered a doll, a child, and a servant. Nora’s alienationRead MoreCompare And Contrast A Doll House And The Poisonwood Bible1604 Words   |  7 PagesA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen depicts a young wife, Nora, as she struggles to deal with the repercussions of illegally borrowing money to help save, her husband, Torvald’s life. The play ends after her activity has been brought to the light and Torvald’s true nature of selfishness is revealed. Nora leaves him, recognizing their marriage as unequal. Barbara Kingsolver’s The Poisonwood Bible is set thousands of miles away in the Congo compared to the northern European setting of A Doll House, whereRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Isben Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesA Doll’s House was published in Norway in 1879 by Henrik Isben. He is known as the father of Modern Theatre. He is also referred as the father of realism. The play is very interesting because of the funny dialogue, Ibsen s view of the place of ladies in the public eye and the unique characters. The main characters of the play is Nora Helmer and her husband Torvald Helmer. Imagine what it would be like to live in a doll s home? It s a house in which you are controlled and have no energy to settleRead MoreA Doll s House Review Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll’s House Review A Doll’s House was published in Norway in 1879 by Henrik Isben. He is known as the father of Modern Theatre. He is also referred as the father of realism. 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The firstRead MorePet Names and Belittlement: Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House1329 Words   |  6 PagesIn a dolls house, Ibsen has combined several characters with diverse personal qualities and used them to develop the story line as well as bring to life the major themes and issues that the plot is meant to address. Primarily there are two types of characters who can be categorized as static and dynamic, the static characters remain the same form the start to the end of a story and despite the events taking place around them, and they do not change their perception or altitudes. These types of characters

Cyber Criminals And The Internet - 1461 Words

Abstract It is an open fact that Internet has brought a tremendous changes in the human lifestyle. Just sitting in front of a computer with internet connected he/she can know what is happening around the world and just with one click he can make all his work done. Most of the today’s world class business works on the internet. But this benefit can be enjoyed only if the internet users adopt safe online practices. Cyber criminals are the one who use online resources to steal your personal information which tend to lose of money and reputation. Never think that the money just comes from corporations, banks or wealthy people around the world. Individual online users like you and me are also targets for them. As long as we are†¦show more content†¦Some of these techniques are phishing, Sending Spam emails, creating pop-ups that force you to open them etc. And the second formula includes they try to identify the patches in the Operating system, software’s etc. and try to take the advantage of the patches in the software and try to insert the same harmful program into the user’s computer which also provides the access of the computer to the cybercriminal. Once the cyber attacker gets access of user computer he/she can look at sensitive information on the user’s computer. For example there is an Android patch called â€Å"Stage fright†. The medium of transmission for this is a video message. The user need not click or open the video to see what it is. The hangout in the video itself process the video and provides the access of user’s phone to hackers. Most of the 90% mobile phones including Samsung, LG, OnePlus, and Sony etc. have been vulnerable to this attack. Even though google effort to patch the attack by releasing two software update couldn’t help to remove the virus completely. This is how the severity a virus will be. The best way to be safe of this attacks is to keep on updating the updates and patches released by the company. One more formula now a days include

Objectivity Of Social Research Free Of Bias Or Prejudice

Objectivity of Social Research: Free of Bias or Prejudice There is a change of belief of people: some believing that objectivity in social research is possible, others believe it to be not. Five diverse kinds of advices are progressive for Social Research not being objective: 1. Sociological decisions are biased, being painted by researcher’s personal life experiences. 2. All intentions are restricted to their connotation to specific linguistic backgrounds belonging to the similar manner. 3. All sociological philosophies are shaped by, and restricted to, specific social groups. Such a policy is seldom taken to be a consequence of the sociology of information which indulgences all information as a function of social site. 4. All explanations are inevitably driven by theories or principles. 5. All members of a society have dissimilar values; sociologists will instinctively, but essentially have their opinions prejudiced by their morals. Some sociologists contend that objectivity in some of the above sanities is not essentially looked-for; it is contended that the sociologist/social researcher should be serious and advocate specific values. Few views for Objectivity in Social Researches There have been some views formulated for Social Researches and the researchers as well, few are explained as below: Normativism The contradictory view establishes the speculative situation of normativism. This position causes a number of philosophies, the most significant of which areShow MoreRelatedObjectivity Of Social Research Is The Hunt For An Objective Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesObjectivity in Social Research is the hunt for an objective i.e. truth. The opinion that the philosophy of science, comprising economics is under accumulative pressure curtailing from the post-positivist assessment of science; conversely the revolution in research behaviour as a result of its marketization calls for an amplification of the content and positioning of this philosophy. Introduction to Objectivity in Social Research Objectivity is the most valued worth of a Social research. The spiritRead MoreSocial, Physical, And Emotional Trauma That People Suffer Because Of Illegal Activities862 Words   |  4 Pagesis called victimology. Victimologists, also known as social scientists, investigate the role the victims play in a crime. To do their work these scientists have to be unbiased in face of conditions where it can be hard to separate personal emotions from the crime committed. Social scientists are often faced with a plethora of circumstances that could compromise their ability to be truly objective. The factors that could potentially cloud a social scientists judgment include their own personal experienceRead MoreThe Objectivity Of The Social Researcher Is Fatally Compromised When He Or She Takes Sides2469 Words   |  10 PagesTopic: Critically analyse the claim that the objectivity of the social researcher is fatally compromised when he or she takes sides. Introduction: There are different major concepts in sociology for the research purposes including objectivity, subjectivity and value freedom. Social researcher is not allowed to influence his view due to his values in value freedom concept. It is generally accepted idea that the human being has got values but in will be considered that the sociologist has no valuesRead MoreCan and Should Sociology be Value Free. this essay is about the aim of sociology that is to be value free and whether it can and should achieve that aim2132 Words   |  9 PagesThe term value neutrality was used by Weber to indicate the necessary objectivity researchers need when investigating problems in the natural sciences. Weber even though had introduced the term and accepted a scientific in the study of sociology, he did not believed that absolute objectivity is attainable. Weber said that value neutrality should be the primary aim in sociology but it cannot be obtained since sociology is the study of human behaviors and society thus making it prone to personal viewsRead MoreIs Science Rational? Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pagesconsciously or unconsciously, unchallenged. 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We value capitalism, free markets, free press under the notion that everyone has the rightRead MoreRacism And The Human Race2009 Words   |  9 Pagesrace Blacks shall never be equal to white counterparts who microscopically stigmatized Black’s through racial cultural lens and racial profiling. This paper shall implores the true legitimization of the Black Experience in the American South via objectivity and factual truths dating back from day of arrival to present. In addition, to portray the brutality and inequality that still exists. It has been approximately three hundred ninety-six years (396) since the first Blacks’ were inhumanely capturedRead MoreThe Ethical Code Of Ethics4083 Words   |  17 PagesPublic Company Accounting Oversight Board. However, legislators have been utilizing audit failure as reasons to present extra regulation into an industry that is as of now over-managed. This practice is addressed here on account of the capacity of the free market to rebuff auditor failure; the dynamism indicated by members in connection to the deliberate appropriation of new self-administrative approaches and the high costs and questionable adequacy of the new regulations embraced (Arruà ±ada 2004). ARead MoreThe Ethical Code Of Ethics4083 Words   |  17 PagesPublic Company Accounting Oversight Board. However, legislators have been utilizing audit failure as reasons to present extra regulation into an industry that is as of now over-managed. This practice is addressed here on account of the capacity of the free market to rebuff auditor failure; the dynamism indicated by members in connection to the deliberate appropriation of new self-administrative approaches and the high costs and questionable adequacy of the new regulations embraced (Arruà ±ada 2004). ARead MoreSocial Problems Among Youth5423 Words   |  22 Pages Introduction The public always relate social ills or social problems with teenagers from the age of 13 to 20 years old. Unfortunately, social problems have occurred in every corner around the world including Malaysia. It is one of the most serious problems that are growing worldwide. Most of the teenagers around the world are facing the similar social ills, such as, drug abuse, bully, abortion, alcohol problems, free sex and other social problems. Nowadays, newspapers in Malaysia especially

ENISA Big Data Threat Landscape Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the ENISA Big Data Threat Landscape. Answer: ENISA is the European Union Agency for Network and Information Security. This agency enables the cyber security in the organizations of Europe. NIS (Network and Information Security) of high level are contributed by ENISA within the union of ENISA (Reuter, 2015). This is done by promoting and developing the culture of Network and Information Security so that it can assist to function good and properly in internal market. The ENISA was set up in the year 2004 to contribute a NIS to level up in the European Union. To proper functioning of internal market, ENISA has implied a developed culture of Network and Information Security. To give the solutions and advice, the agency works with the members of the state and also the private sector (Schneider, 2017). The exercises of cyber security of pan European is included in ENISA along with the strategies of for developing the National Cyber Security. ENISA also includes exercises on capacity and cooperation of CSIRT and also gives security on cloud adoption, addressing the issues related to data protection, enhancing technologies that are private, emerging technologies that are private trust services and email ids an also cyber threat landscape. The implementation and the development of the Union policy of Europe and the law that are related with Network and Information Security are also supported by ENISA. The case study that is given is about the Threat landscape of ENISA which was reported last year in 2016. The top threats that are faced by the cyber sector are given in details in this case study. All these cyber attacks was assessed and reported in 2016. Increasing cyber threats have leaded the European Threat Landscape to concentrate more on the attacker and attack vectors and find their solutions that are needed to mitigate them (Eininger, Skopik Fiedler, 2015). The top cyber attacks are detailed in this case study and their respective mitigations are also described. There are all total of fifteen top cyber attacks that Europe have came across and all the kill chain of the respective threats have been clearly described. The threat agents are elaborated in this case study that is associated with the cyber attacks of the European countries. The trend of threat agents, and their motives along with the defenders of the threat attackers are briefly discussed (Bendiek, 2015). Some com mon examples are given that are related to ransomware attack, data breach attack, Denial of services attack and the targeted attack. The diagram that shows the infrastructure of ENISA Big Data security is given below. This case study involves fifteen types of top threats that ENISA faces. They are as follows: Malware: Malwares are the top cyber attack for the present year. The malware of the cyber threat are mainly information stealing and the ransomware attack. Malwares are qualitative concern instead of quantitative concern (Weber, A., Weber, 2015). The malware that has increased during the report that was filed in 2016 is the mobile malware. The current trend that has been observed for malware is increasing. The threats that are related to malwares are spam, exploit kits, data breach and leakage of information. Web-based attacks: The attacks that use components of web as a medium of attack are called the web based attacks. The threats related to web clients and web server are the web based attacks. This type of threat is discrete to the web application attacks (Witt Freudenberg, 2016). The current trend that has been observed is increasing. The threats that are related are botnets, data breaches, information leakage, spam and malware. Attacks of web application: The attacks that are against the web services or the web applications are called the web applications. This attack overlaps the web based attacks. Web applications are available assets that attack the surface that are challenged by the agents of threat. The current trend that has been observed is increasing (Catteddu Hogben, 2015). The threats that are related are botnets, data breaches, information leakage, spam and malware. Denial of Service: Denial of Services has created an important aspect in the cyber threat attack. Denial of Services led to infrastructure and services down, extortion and the data breaches that take place in cyber attack. The current trend that has been observed is increasing. The threats that are related are information leakage, spam and malware, botnets, data breaches, phishing and web based applications. Botnets: The work horse adversaries are the botnets. The roles of botnets are increased and the uses of botnets are also increased with addition of complexity and maturity. Bonnets are resilience. The current trend that has been observed is increasing. The threats that are related are information leakage, spam and malware, data breaches, phishing, web based applications and denial of services. Phishing: The cyber threat that is present in many cyber attacks is phishing. Use of phishing attacks are increasing day by day. This attack method has not increased by its number. It has increased by better methods and better quality to target the victims. The data that are found in social media are abused by phishing attack (Exchange, 2016). The current trend that has been observed for phishing is slightly decreasing or may be stated as stable. The threats that are related are information leakage, spam and malware, botnets, phishing, web based applications, denial of services and data breaches. Spam: The transport of malicious URLs and malware are the main types of spam. The URLs are attached accordingly with the email ids as a phishing message or spam message. Big spam botnets are needed to distribute the spam mainly. The current trend that has been observed for spam is reducing. The threats that are related are information leakage, malware, botnets and data breaches. Ransomware: The most impressive and increasing growth that has been observed in 2016 is the ransomware attack. The main motive of the criminals of cyber attack is manifestation of monetization of the victims. The current trend that has been observed for ransomware is increasing tremendously. The threats that are related are information leakage, spam and malware, bonnets, data breaches, phishing, web based attacks, denial of services and attacks of web application. Insider threat: The threat landscape of cyber security includes insider threat as an important aspect. With better understanding the analysis and assessment, the idea of insider threat becomes clear (Schaumller-Bichl Kolberger, 2016). This includes protecting a system that are used by the employees of the organization and misusing those applications. The current trend that has been observed is stable and has a flat increase. The threats that are related are information leakage, spam and malware, bonnets, data breaches and phishing. Physical manipulation: The main reason of information leakage and data breaches are the damage, loss or theft that are caused physically. This is most dangerous impact of all kinds of assets that are digital. Loss of USB drives or laptops leads to data breaches up to 40 percent. The current trend that has been observed is increasing. The threats that are related are information leakage, data breaches, attacks of web applications, attacks that are web based and identity threats. Exploit kits: Exploit kits are similar to botnets. These are the main tools that are used for installing a malware. The vulnerabilities that are found on the devices of the victims are all installed by this dangerous exploit kits. The current trend that has been observed is increasing. The threats that are related are information leakage, data breaches, malware, spam and botnets. Data breaches: The attempts that are used to compromise the data confidentiality which grows are the work of data breach. The data breach has grown to an amount of 25 percent more in 2016 than in 2015. The data that are breached are more personal to the users. The current trend that has been observed is increasing. The threats that are related are information leakage, data breaches, malware, spam, botnets and identity theft. Identity theft: The attack that provides the identity of machines or human are the attacks related to identity theft. Human cyber attacks are related to those which reveals the name, account number and the bank details of the person. Machine identity states the information about the machine such as passwords or email ids. The current trend that has been observed is decreasing. The threats that are related are information leakage, data breaches, malware, spam and botnets. Information leakage: The cyber threats that deal with abusing the weakness id systems that are used at run time, mistakes that happens at run time and components configuration. Leaking of information leads to enhance other crimes that are related to cyber attack. The current trend that has been observed is increasing. The threats that are related are information leakage, spam, data breaches, botnets and malware. Cyber espionage: The national security thefts that are held are the state sponsored and intelligence espionage related to military. The intelligence methods and the intelligence cyber threat methods give a compliment that comes from the field of military. This releases new potential for the cyber space areas that reinforce mutually to each other. The current trend that has been observed is increasing. The threats that are related are attacks related to web application, data breaches, attacks that are web based and identity threats. Most significant attack is the ransomware attack that has become an important issue of the cyber attack. It is a dangerous attack that affects the systems of the victims (Jentzsch, 2016). This ransomware attacks mainly the emails of the victims. Files are added to the emails of the victims showing that it a file that is send from a original sender or a sender that the victims knows. Once the user opens the files, Google Docs page is opened and if the user gives the permission to acces al the data, then the attacks gets an access to the system of the user. Key threats agents are: Cyber criminals- The most active group in the cyber space which holds two third of the incidents that are registered is the cyber criminals (Christou, 2017). The groups of cyber criminals have changed over the past years. It has progressed and matured over the time period. The cyber criminals are mostly famous in e-health and banking sectors. Insiders- Insiders are the attackers that attack the cyber space intentionally as well as unintentionally (Kubicek Diederich, 2015). Error, negligence and intention are the types of insider attacks that are performed by the insiders of an organization. Executive managers or any employees in an organization are subjected to insider threat. Nation States and Corporations- Corporations and the national states are together known as the cyber spines the military organizations and intelligence agencies are included in this group. The difference between the cyber combating and cyber spying are not clear due to pre maturity of cyber capabilities. Hacktivists- Hacktivists have mostly flourished in the year of 2016. The protests of hacktivists are mainly on the themes of discrimination, corruption, public health issues, support of minorities and the environmental policy (Stupka, Hork Husk, 2017). Examples of hacktivists are the Olympic Games and Football Tournament of Euro in 2016. Cyber fighters- The groups that are aggressive and high campaigns of capability are called as cyber fighters. This group lies in the grey zone according to the ideological values. The group of this type of threat is distributed all over the world. Cyber terrorists- the focus from the community of cyber security is moved to cyber terrorism according to the international engagements and the media reports against the ISIS (Unger, 2014). No such attacks are categorized for the cyber terrorist attack. The main areas of cyber terrorists are defacements, hijacking social media and hacking. Script kiddies- This type of attackers are known as copy cats or they simply hacks for fun (Lanfer, 2017). These groups of threats are mainly of low motivation and low capability which practices their hacking capabilities. Script kiddies may use the tools that are available, attack methods and anonymization to become more dangerous. To minimize the impact of attack on systems defenders have found some mitigation process and improved themselves to cope up with the attackers. The agencies to defend the cyber attack have become very active in arresting the cyber criminals and the infrastructure that are needed (Hnisch Rogge, 2017). No statistical proofs of the attacks or the trends can be made from the cyber criminals. The capitalization of the cyber crime has also increased the adversaries to records at all the time. The monetization has helped to record the turnover of the cyber activities as a result the trend seems to continue. The level of threshold is raised instead of defender engagements. The entry level of the capability of hackers is higher in spite of the available information (Kleineidam et al., 2017). This makes the hackers less opportunistic and hacking of low capability. The process of ETL (European Threat Landscape) can be improved by: Only the data that are needed in minimum should be taken at the time of processing the batch (Bartsch Frey, 2017). Sequence and time stamps should be used to do the changes. Cache lookups against the large tables should not be performed in ETL tool. Row by roe processing is to be avoided while using the ETL tool. Bulk loading options are to used in the ETL process. The table joins should be off loaded to the database for sources that comes from the database. Many parallel threads should be used for scheduling the ETL logic. Cursors should be used in any of the tools that are related with European Threat Landscape. If stored procedures are used in processing of ETL, all the parameters should be copied into different variables from the stored procedure. There is no space for improvement. ENISA should increase its security process more to cope up with all the new cyber threats that are evolving every day (Bastl, Mare Tvrd, 2015). Following processes should be taken care of to increase the security process of ENISA. Mobile internet should be taken care of by ENISA (Silva, Rocha Guimaraes, 2016). From the reporting of the last year it can be stated that more the 44 percent victims using mobile internets faced the cyber security problems. Technical failure and System failures are the most important and the root cause of the cyber threat attack. 70 percent of the attacks that are faced in the sector of cyber space are because of technical failure and system failure. In the year 2015, human errors were the root cause of the cyber security that affected the users. Nearly 2.6 billion connections of the user faced the incident of human errors. References Bartsch, M., Frey, S. (2017).State-of-the-art approaches.Incyber strategies for enterprises and authorities(pp. 55-71).Springer Specialties Wiesbaden. Bastl, M., Mare, M., Tvrd, K. (2015).Cybersecurity policy at national, European and international level: a framework analysis.Incyber security(pp. 45-67).Springer Specialties Wiesbaden. Bendiek, A. (2015, December).Digital Agenda and Cybersecurity.In theYearbook of European Integration 2015(pp. 176-181).Nomos publishing company mbH Co. KG. Catteddu, D., Hogben, G. (2015). Cloud computing.Benefits, Risks and Recommendations for Information Security/European Network and Information Security Agency, ENISA (November 2015). Christou, G. (2017).The EU's Approach to Cybersecurity. Eininger, K., Skopik, F., Fiedler, R. (2015).No cyber security without data protection.Data protection and data security,39(11), 723-729. Exchange, p. (2016).Violation of personal rights through the publication of photos on the Internet.Nomos publishing company mbH Co. KG. Hnisch, T., Rogge, S. (2017).IT security in the industry 4.0.InIndustrie 4.0(pp. 91-98).Springer Specialties Wiesbaden. Jentzsch, N. (2016).Competition policy in digital markets: Should data protection play a role?(No. 94).DIW Roundup: Policy in focus. Kleineidam, G., Schmid, LJ, Krasser, M., Koch, B. (2017).Critical infrastructure security requirements for information and communication technology from the perspective of a utility company.e i Electrical Engineering and Information Technology,134(1), 3-13. Kubicek, H., Diederich, G. (2015).Online banking in comparison.InSecurity in Online Banking(pp. 7-19).Springer Specialties Wiesbaden. Lanfer, J. (2017).Cyber-security and the (impotence) power of the state.Insecurity production between state, market and civil society(pp. 47-72).Springer Specialties Wiesbaden. Reuter, C. (2015).Operational Continuity Management in Small and Medium Business Smart Services for Industry 4.0.Mensch und Computer 2015-Workshopband. Schaumller-Bichl, I., Kolberger, A. (2016).Information Security Risk Analysis in complex systems-new challenges and solutions.InGI anniversary(pp. 609-617). Schneider, F. (2017).Reporting requirements in IT security law.Nomos publishing company mbH Co. KG. Silva, KC, Rocha, AA, Guimaraes, FQ (2016, May).Trust in the Cloud from the Sec-SLA in various models as deployment and service.InProceedings of the XII Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems on Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems: Information Systems in the Cloud Computing Era Volume 1(pp. 329-336).Brazilian Computer Society. Stupka, V., Hork, M., Husk, M. (2017, August).Protection of personal data in security alert sharing platforms.InProceedings of the 12th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security(p.65).ACM. Unger, WJ (2014).Cyber Defense - a national challenge.S F Security and Peace,32(1), 8-16. Weber, A., Weber, D. (2015, December).Governance of critical information technology in open networks.InResponsible Innovation(pp. 151-164).Nomos publishing company mbH Co. KG. Witt, T., Freudenberg, P. (2016).NIS policy.Computer and Law,32(10), 657.

Jazz and Blues free essay sample

Blues and Jazz are different in several major ways. L. Blues and Jazz are deferent in terms of feeling. A. By performing or listening to the Blues, one is able to overcome sadness. 1. Blues is based on the music of African-American playing to express longing for better life and lost loves, Jobs, and money. 2. Because African-American, in the past, did not know about music theory, they played out of major scale notes, and therefore, makes the feeling of sadness. B. Jazz sparks an emotional complexity that Is very hard to pinpoint or describe. 1.Jazz is different form every other kinds of music that is several modes and scales of several keys are used in one jazz song while there is only one key per song in other kinds of music. 2. Different modes and scales spark different feeling; therefore it is very complex when there are several modes and scales in one song. We will write a custom essay sample on Jazz and Blues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page II. Blues and Jazz are different In terms of difficulty. A. Blues is easier than Jazz to learn. 1 . Chord progression of Blues is quite standing. Most of Blues songs have the same chord progression that is called 12 Bar Blues chord progression.However, some Blues songs are written with 8 or 16 Bar Blues chord progression. 2. Blues is normally played with only the dominant chords that are not complex Like the chords played on Jazz. 3. There are only a few of scales for Blues music. Blues scale Is the scale normally used In Blues music. More over, pentatonic scale, bebop scale, and Dorian mode are also used in Blues. B. Jazz is so hard to learn that even some of musicians are unable to play it. Is necessary for one who wants to learn Jazz to understand Blues first because Blues is the basic of Jazz 2.There are several chord progressions In Jazz, for Instance, I-el- V progression, Moreover, 12 Bar Blues Is used In Jazz music as well, but It Is more complex. Jazz played with Blues chord progression is called Jazz Blues. 3. Jazz is played with the extended chord that is difficult to play because it has more than 4 notes per chord while the dominant chords has only 4 notes. 4. Every scales and modes can appear in Jazz including the scales that are used in Blues. Ill. Blues and Jazz are different In terms of the Instruments.

Food Shortages Due to Global Warming, Study Warns

Food Shortages Due to Global Warming, Study Warns Half of the world’s population could face severe food shortages by the end of this century as rising temperatures shorten the growing season in the tropics and subtropics, increase the risk of drought, and reduce the harvests of dietary staples such as rice and maize by 20 percent to 40 percent, according to a study published in the journal Science. Global warming is expected to affect agriculture in every part of the world but it will have a greater impact in the tropics and subtropics, where crops are less able to adapt to climate change and food shortages are already starting to occur due to rapid population growth. High Highs Scientists at Stanford University and the University of Washington, who worked on the study, discovered that by 2100 there is a 90 percent chance that the coolest temperatures in the tropics during the growing season will be higher than the hottest temperatures recorded in those regions through 2006. Even more temperate parts of the world can expect to see previously record-high temperatures become the norm. Higher Demand With the world population expected to double by the end of the century, the need for food will become increasingly urgent as rising temperatures force nations to retool their approach to agriculture, create new climate-resistant crops, and develop additional strategies to ensure an adequate food supply for their people. All of that could take decades, according to Rosamond Naylor, who is director of food security and the environment at Stanford. Meanwhile, people will have fewer and fewer places to turn for food when their local supplies begin to run dry. When all the signs point in the same direction, and in this case its a bad direction, you pretty much know whats going to happen, said David Battisti, the University of Washington scientist who led the study. Youre talking about hundreds of millions of additional people looking for food because they wont be able to find it where they find it now. Member of the International Panel on Climate Change agree. In their latest review of the food security issue, they point out that its not just crops: fisheries, weed control, food processing and distribution will all be affected. Edited by Frederic Beaudry.

Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

2 - Assignment Example Intuitively this can happen, but the evidence presented does not warrant that such would lead to the kind of seemingly dramatic downturn in the quality of the relationship between Lindsey and Malik, as described. The literature describes this fallacy as the Slippery slope fallacy which is a fallacy where the evidence to make a given conclusion is not sufficient. Here there may be an exaggeration of the consequences of Lindsey’s going to university over having a baby. After all, Lindsey can have a baby and go to university, and the choice does not preclude Lindsey having a baby after university. Moreover, given that the couple’s relationship seems long-term, it is unlikely that just one event whose consequences can be reversible can lead to the downturn of the relationship. The consequence is reversible because they can always have a baby during or after university, assuming that Lindsey is young and still have many childbearing years ahead of her (Bassham et al.). 2. Pr emise: (1) The Globe and Mail and the Toronto Star reporters made the claim that Mayor Ford uses crack cocaine, and that the mayor’s brother was a drug dealer in the 80’s. (2) Mayor Ford says that the reporters are â€Å"just a bunch of maggots† Conclusion: People should not listen to the â€Å"sleazebags†. Fallacy: Personal Attack Here the mayor says that because the reporters have questionable professional and personal morals, the conclusion is that their assertions that the mayor did drugs and that his brother pushed drugs cannot be true. He is equating the reporters' morals with the non-truth of their claims (Bassham et al.) It may be that the reporters are of questionable morals and integrity as far as looking for news and making sure that their newspapers are able to feed off sensational reporting, but the character of the reporters do not preclude them from making truthful claims relating to the activities of the mayor and his brother, especially s ince the newspapers themselves are reputable and can be presumed to have done its fact checking prior to the publication of the claims. The personal attacks on the reporters are not relevant to whether the mayor and his brother used/are using and/or dealt drugs (Bassham et al.). 3. Premise: (1) There are many weight loss programs available. (2) The Weight Watchers sales associate said theirs is the best weight loss program among alternatives Conclusion: The Weight Watchers program is the best there is. Fallacy: Hasty Generalization Here the conclusion is that since the sales associate says Weight Watchers is the best, then that claim must be true. This is relying on the authority of one person, the sales associate, and not considering that other points of view may yield different answers as to which program is the best (Bassham et al.) It may be true that the Weight Watchers program that Keesha enrolled in is the best in the market, but this cannot be concluded from the evidence tha t Keesha presented, which is the word of the Weight Watchers sales associate. The evidence is small, and just consists of one sample so to speak, whereas a more

Future of Japanese Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Future of Japanese Economy - Essay Example Though, very soon they recovered it with 10% average of economic growth in 1960s, 5% during 1970s and closer to 4% in 1980s, but after that, growth slowed down remarkably3. Strong working mentality, good government-industry relationship and implementation of advanced technology were the most favorable reasons responsible for making Japan stand on to the platform of one of the largest economy in the world from post WWII till 80s. Resultant of overinvestment in late 80s and crisis in world oil supply brought another challenge to their economy4. It became necessary for Japan to switch from mobilized productionism to more substantial welfare economy. However, the oscillation between successful drive of the export in late 80s and bang in economy after 80s hazed that requirement and mobilized economic system disappeared very soon5. After the fading away of stock inflation and land prices, an excess of production capacity remained. This factor lowered the profitability of the production and on the other hand, bad loan weakened the financial activity. Government's effort in recovering that downfall was not up to that level and it's clear from the statistics of economy for the duration of 2000-20016. Hence, it is inferred that Japan is in a state of distorted industrial policy and in urgent need of a revolution. The main aim of this paper is to address the main obstacles that Japan is facing and then to state the possible solutions to overcome them. Obstacles in Japanese Economy Japan is facing resistances now-a-days that it had never encountered before. Growth rate which used to be in two digit figure just after war, now expectation growth is below 1% which is too unsure. Country that had incredible unemployment rate till 1980s has now rose to 4.8%. Present crisis of its economy consists of short or middle-term problems like; financial difficulty, trade cycle and public finance. Other than that long term problems are there which are related to going into matured stage of progress. One of the important aspects of Japanese economy is its iron triangle which dominated the people by managing their particular interests. However, due to the changing of technologies and human preferences that system is losing its supremacy. After 1990s when the economy condition is at matured stage, safety and stability becomes the main points of concern; but 'iron triangle'7 sometimes might block the transformation in the required direction. The creation of societal life is supposed to be the center of long term task of Japanese economic society. The population of Japan is expected to reach its peak in 2007 and then turn to decrease which may lead to the composition of population over sixty-five to surpass 20% in the target year of the total population and after that reach the high plateau over 27%-30% after 20 years. This effects the shifting in arrangement of consumption in industries. But, the question here comes whether pure market economy will be able to adapt this shift in consumption as market is driven by profit seeking

Preoperative Hair Removal Carried Out As Skin Preparation Nursing Essay

Preoperative Hair Removal Carried Out As Skin Preparation Nursing Essay Traditionally preoperative hair removal has been carried out as skin preparation method to reduce exposure to bacteria which may lead to surgical site infections (SSI) (Gottrup et al 2005). SSIs are defined by Centres for Disease Control (CDC) as superficial, deep incision and organ infection. According to Miller (2001) hair has been removed for such reason as wound asepsis, suitable placement of bandages, and access to operative site and accurate approximation of wound edges. Though preoperative hair removal has been in practice since 18th century its impact on the wound site has been under contention and therefore attracted the authors interest in seeking ways of hair removal without skin damage. However there are concerns that hair removal increases rather than reduces infection, in a study carried out by Astegnau et al (2001) to identify mortality and morbidity related to surgical site infection suggested that shaving increased the risk of infection by facilitating colonisation o f bacteria in the operating site. Many organisations, Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses (AORN2006) and Association for Perioperative Practise (AFPP2007) have moved away from hair removal. There is no clarity in literature as to the origin of preoperative hair removal, but researchers conclude to the fact that the surgeons of the time believed that wounds might heal more quickly if hair could be prevented from becoming entangled in the sutures and wound during closure (Miller et al 2001). Shaving with a razor substantiated the emergence of preoperative hair removal in a systematic literature review by Kjonnisken et al (2002) as an established practice based on assumption of preventing surgical site infection. Some other methods, electric clipping and depilatory creams have been highlighted as having lower postoperative wound infection rates. Hair is associated with poor hygiene habits because it harbours bacteria and removing it is thought to reduce surgical infections (Kumar 2002). Hair removal is done by shaving with either a razor or a clipper which are believed to cause both visible and microscopic injuries (Briggs1997). The damage caused by a razor or a clipper can release flora-providing access to serous exudates on which micro organisms may grow (Small 1996). Skin is always a hunting ground for microbes. Once the skins protective barrier is diminished primarily by a surgeons incision, microbes can potentially contaminate the wound. Loius Pasteur in confirmation of the existing understanding into the world of infection hypothesized in his germ theory that invisible bacteria could cause surgical infection if they gained entry through the broken skin (Fogg 2003). A national audit in 2004 suggests that surgical site infections increases patients hospital stay, and increases health care cost by delaying wound healing, this causes major physical limitations and reduced quality of life (Whitehouse et al 2002). If occurring after discharge the patient is likely to be readmitted which is a burden to the patient and can even cause death (Plowman 2000). Surgical site infections occurs within 30 days after surgery, exudes pus and shows one of the following symptoms pain, localised swelling and redness according to the Centre for Disease Control (1999). While once accepted as a standard practise for surgical procedures, hair removal is now being considered in great depth in the research. This essay will review the role of hair removal in the perioperative setting and its impact on surgical site infections. The author will discuss research regarding nurses and doctors knowledge on recommended guidelines on hair removal methods, comparison and timing of hair removal methods and their relationship to incidences of surgical site infections. Keywords used for the search are preoperative skin preparation, hair removal, preoperative razor shaving, electric clipping, depilatory creams and surgical site infections. The databases utilised were CINAHL, Cochraine database of systematic reviews, Health Source Nursing and Allied Health Science. The studies were done in USA, UK, Canada and Turkey. Hair Removal Methods Razor shaving is the cheapest and most commonly used hair removal method (Tanner et al. 2007). Using a sharp blade held with the head of the razor that is drawn to the patients skin to cut hair close to the skin surface. Razor shaving increases bacterial infection rates (Basevi Lavender 2001). Another method entails the use of clipper that uses fine teeth to remove hair close to the skin leaving stubble of usually one millimetre in length. Heads are disposable and handles are disinfected between patients to minimise risk of cross infection (Tanner et al. 2006). A further method is the use of depilatory creams that utilises chemicals, which dissolves the patients hair. Cream has to be in contact with the hair for between 5-20 minutes. A patch test should be done 24 hours before using the cream as some patients can develop allergic reactions and some have sensitive skins (Kjonnisken et al .2002). Miller et al. (2001) conducted a retrospective study comparing all patients who underwent intracranial procedures in the last two and half years where hair was not shaved, to patients done three and half years back that were shaved, to determine whether no hair removal increase post operative infection rate. Results were documented as minor, moderate and severe. Of the 250 subjects used 150 patients were not shaved and 7% developed post operative wound infection compared to 6.6% infections in the shaved group. There was no statistical significance in these findings though the sample size is large for an organisational setting however the finding could not be generalised based on this number. An experimental study was performed on 82 patients who underwent abdominal surgery between November 30th May 2005 to determine the effect of preoperative hair removal on post operative wound infection. Patients were told the aim of the study and they signed consents. Inclusion criteria were pati ents who had not been hospitalised within the last 30 days and didnt have infections while being admitted. Control group with 39 patients were razor shaved and on 43 for study group clippers were used. Patients were observed for signs of SSI two days post operatively and 7% of the study group developed SSI compared to 25.6 % in the control group. The results are statistically significant but the sample size is small and the fact that abdominal surgeries are viewed dirtier than lower limbs makes findings hard to generalise however the length of time and the study design utilised would have enabled the establishment of rigor for the findings to be reliable. The study uptake therefore will be better with an increased sample size. Though the latest studies are endorsing hair clipping (Tanner et al 2006). (Boyce Pittet 2002), more studies need to be carried out. A double-blind prospective study was carried out between 2000-2004 for all patients undergoing spinal surgery (Celik et al. 2007 ) to determine the effect of razor shaving and increased rate of postoperative site infection compared to no hair removal. The shaved group consisted of 371 subjects and the unshaved group comprised of 418 subjects. Patients were fully informed about the study and consents obtained. The subjects were randomly allocated according to pre-surgical shaving status. Exclusion criteria involved patients with skin conditions acne, furuncle and sebaceous cyst, patients with nutritional deficiency and medical conditions like diabetes and cancer. Same skin preparations were done in both groups. Both subjects received prophylactic antibiotics. Postoperatively, both groups were observed for signs of infection redness swelling and purulent discharge and bloods taken to check erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Infection was higher in the shaved group (p=.01) 4 patients in a shaved group (1.07%) developed infection and in only 1 patient in the unshaved group (0.23%). The findings suggest that preoperative hair removal increases postoperative infections. This study was ethically approved and both methodology and aim were clear and concise. These all confirm its reliability however giving antibiotics during procedures may mask the results causing the study to be unreliable. A randomised control study was conducted by (Menendez et al. 2004) aiming to assess the effects of preoperative shaving of pubic hair on postoperative bacterium after urological surgery. A sample size of 300 patients was used. 149 patients were shaved and 151 were not shaved. In both groups urine samples were taken for culture before being given prophylactic antibiotic and again at one week before the catheter was removed. In the shaved group 19.5% developed infection as compared to 16.6% in the non-shaved group. The difference was found not to be statistically significant. The results were based on testing urine samples than in the wounds making the study invalid. There is no clarity about ethical considerations and if the aim and purpose of the study was explained to the subjects and whether the consent obtained was informed. The prophylactic administration of the antibiotics makes the study to be unreliable and not valid. In Cochraine collaboration review data Tanner et al. (2007) conducted eleven randomised controlled trials to evaluate the effects of routine preoperative hair removal with razor as opposed to no hair removal in postoperative infection. The authors concluded that there is no sufficient evidence to prove that hair removal causes an increased risk of surgical site infections. However the study suggested the use of clippers or depilatory cream when necessary to remove hair with an idea that both methods results in fewer surgical site infections. Comparison of hair removal methods Trussell et al. (2008) conducted a thirty nine month observational study where razor shaving utensils were removed and replaced with clippers. The sample size consisted of one thousand eight hundred and twenty seven patients undergoing coronary bypass procedure. There was an in-service training for both nurses and doctors to teach them the effects of razor shaving, instructing them how to use electric clippers which is thought to be less traumatic to the skin when removing hair .The rate of sternal infections decreased from 3.5% to 1.5 %(p= .001) when using electric clippers. The qualitative method and the design of the above study suits the sample size, and neither observational bias nor antibiotic masking of the findings were introduced in the study resulting in a proper analysis of the data. The results also showed that the removals of razors and staff education not to use them for shaving were cost effective, and time effective. Costs related to preoperative hair removal are associated with postoperative infection and longer stay of patients in the hospital. A prospective report of Cruse and Ford (1980) cited in journals a-z Spine (2007 insert author here) with the objective to evaluate post operative clean surgical wounds in 3 groups. In a prospective observational study they compared patients shaved with razor, electric clippers and those with no hair removal. They did long term follow up on 62,339 patients. In this study the patients were not scrubbed with antiseptic solution. Their findings were that only 2.8% infections occurred in patients whose hair was removed by clippers compared to 3.2% in razor shaved patients and 0.9 in unshaved group. The sample size is good, the method and aim is clearly explained this makes the study reliable and rigorous. The results of a similar study carried by Zetner et al cited in spine (2007 insert author here) for patients who underwent craniotomy found that infection rate was lower in patients whose hair was removed with clippers observational studies favoured clipping. Shaving Versus Depilatory Cream A randomised controlled study conducted by Kjonnisken et al. (2002) included 400 subjects for abdominal surgery divided in three groups. In shaved group 12.4% develop infection, 7.9% in the depilatory group and 7.8% in non shaved group. The results are unreliable proof of effects of hair removal because the use of antiseptic solutions and giving antibiotics during the operation has affected the validity of the study. The study design being suitable for a quantitative method of study could be considered unfruitful due to poor detailed explanation of the randomisation method. Seven trials involving 1213 subjects were included which consisted of mixed surgical procedures in 1 trial. There was a variation in times of outcome assessments ranging from 2 to 28 days. Overall results 10% (65/670) patients developed surgical site infection in the shaved group compared to 7 % (38/543) who were in a group of cream hair removal. The results of this study are not reliable because 3 of the trials did not report at what period the assessment was carried out. Observational studies showed more significant effect when using depilatory cream, although creams reported adverse effects such as skin allergies and reactions. TIME AND PLACE Another phenomenon evident in literature in relation to hair removal methods causing postoperative surgical site infections is time and place of hair removal. There is evidence that the adverse effect of bacterial access and growth produced by razor and clippers is worsened by the interval between shaving injury and surgery. The timing of hair removal has been determined according to health workers schedule rather than in response to scientific evidence. Tanner et al. (2006) argued that there is little evidence that supports the assumption that removing hair as close to time of surgery minimises the time of bacteria to colonise the cuts caused by shaving. Surveys have found that a majority of hospitals have policies to remove surgical site hair the evening before surgery. A randomised study of 1,013 patients cited in Advanced journal of nursing 2006 (who is the author) showed no significant difference in numbers of surgical site infections when skin was shaved the evening before or day of the operation (p=0.69). One trial of 531 patients found that 5.1% of patients shaved the day before surgery developed surgical site infections compared to 6.5% of patients shaved on the day of surgery (where is the ref.). This seems to oppose hair removal close to the time of surgery. The same study compared using clippers on the night before surgery and on the morning just before surgery. Results were in favour of clipping in the morning before sur gery (p.0.027 on discharge). This was maintained at a 30-day follow up (p=0.006)( what is the meaning of this.) One prospective observational study conducted by Alexander 2003 cited in (Joanna Briggs systematic literature review 2007) with sample size of 536 patients found that patients shaved 12 hours before surgery had lower risk of surgical site infections than patients shaved less than 2 hour prior to surgery. ( why is this so) A survey was carried out on 589 surgeons in Canada comparing their practises to recommendations of evidence based guidelines on preventing surgical site infection. A list was generated using the database of College of Physicians and Surgeons currently practising in the province. The study was approved by the Health Research Ethics Board. Surveys were emailed to the participants and only 242 were returned by mail without return address with 63% showing non compliance with the recommendations. Compared with general surgeons, gynaecological and plastic surgeons used razors than clippers, p=.004. (why are these hanging) A questionnaire-based survey was conducted between February and April 2005 to assess the opinions and practices of surgeons and ward staff with regard to patients hair removal. The answers suggested that they were not up to date with the literature and its effect on postoperative wound infections. If attitudes are to change, the surgeons need to develop a protocol with clear guidelines as to when and by what technique they need hair removal to be performed. Recommendations and Implications to Practice As patients advocates nurses need to play an important role in reducing the incidences of surgical site infections. Nursing procedures that are harmful to the patients may breach codes of professional standards. Alongside the nurses ethical duty to protect their patient it is important that nurses are aware they may be held legally accountable for their actions. Most hospital acquired infections can be prevented by implementing effective, preventive strategies throughout the patients surgical journey. Nurses have to develop patients education materials on proper hair removal. Whenever hair is to be removed it should be done by someone who has knowledge of appropriate technique and is skilful to the procedure. Through continued staff educational programmes and in-service education on the use of clippers to improve compliance with professional recommendations and promote patients safety. Nurses need to assess patients skin prior to hair removal to identify any potential risk of cuts. T hey must keep abreast with research findings incorporating resulting guidelines into practice. To maximize their advocacy role with regards to preoperative hair removal, nurses must work together with infection control staff, supply management and risk management to minimise the risk of infections.(why). The research into preventing surgical site infections found that preoperative hair removal is not necessary to reduce the risk of infection and should be avoided. The studies reviewed show there is a relationship between shaving with razor and increased surgical site infection rates. Different hair removal practises are recommended by organisations that set guidelines and standards for practice (Guidelines for Centre for DISEASE CONTROL and AORN 2007 (Recommended practice for skin preparation) states that hair removal is not necessary unless it interferes with the incision, draping and putting dressings. If hair needs to be removed they recommend using clippers instead of razor, for they are safe and easy to use. Norwegian centre for health technology assessment argues that there is no strong evidence in favour of or against hair removal, and recommend not to avoid preoperative hair removal. Although evidence is limited on the timing of clipping, its recommended it has to be done as close to the time of surgery preferable two hours before. They further specify that hair should be clipped using a single use electric clipper with a reusable head that can be sterilized between patients. However the authors opinion is that clippers with disposable heads should be utilised since it is more cost effective and time saving when compared to sterilisation. They recommend hair clipping outside the operating room to minimise the dispersal of hair which have potential of contaminating the sterile field and surgical wound (Mews 2000). Hospital infection society working party guidelines recommend using cream a day before surgery. Depilatories may be used if skin testing has been done following the manufacturer instruction, without tissue irritation. Since creams can be messy patients may be advised to use them before turning up for admission. Some hospitals still continue routine hair removal long after dissemination of recommendations against it. The author believes that it is an indication to audit hair removal procedures and adhere to the recommended guidelines and policies. In addition to the clinical advantages, clippers are also cost effective. One study by Trussell et al (2008) estimated a cost saving of $270,000 per 1000 patients when shaving was replaced with clipping. The study also concluded that long-term savings should be considered due to reduction of the incidences of postoperative wound infections. Other studies reported cost comparisons between wet razors shave and use of cream finding cream to be expensive. This cost saving was limited, covering only minimal direct costs rather than full range of direct and indirect costs of shaving items compared with the cost of depilatory cream. The use of depilatory cream was also found to be effective, though there are limitations to its use due to time factor. Conclusion Surgical site infection is one of the commonest health associated infections. Surgical site infections can occur in 10% of patients each year resulting in delayed wound healing, increased hospital stay, unnecessary pain, readmission and even death. Seemingly there is no scientific basis of preoperative skin shaving. Studies illustrates that preoperative hair removal methods have been found to be the causes of surgical site infections, because of the cuts they cause on the skin making it to be colonised by microbes. Hair clipping is considered the favoured method of hair removal but its not without error. Preoperative hair clipping protocol was developed in 2003 (by who) and literature reviews have proven that these policies are still relevant. Studies have also reinforced the importance of staff education which will help to strengthen the use of electric clippers. Nurses must keep abreast of research findings to be able to support their rationale for change when championing this crusade to their medical colleagues. Through these efforts the surgical team can provide the safest environment to reduce the risk for the development of surgical site infections, promoting positive outcomes for all surgical patients. Future research wi ll determine the effectiveness and success of clippers which improves patients safety against surgical site infections.

moralhf Essays - Adventures Of Huck Finn And Moral Progress :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Adventures Of Huck Finn And Moral Progress    The main character of Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn undergoes a total moral transformation upon having to make life defining decisions throughout his journey for a new life. Huck emerges into the novel with an inferiority complex caused by living with a drunken and abusive father, and with the absence of any direction. It is at this point where Huck is first seen without any concept of morality. Fortunately, Huck is later assisted by the guidance of Jim, a runaway slave who joins him on his journey and helps Huck gain his own sense of morality. Throughout Huck's adventures, he is put into numerous situations where he must look within himself and use his own judgement to make fundamental decisions that will effect the morals of which Huck will carry with him throughout his life. Preceding the start of the novel, Miss Watson and the widow have been granted custody of Huck, an uncivilized boy who possesses no morals. Huck looks up to a boy named Tom Sawyer who has decided he is going to start a gang. In order for one to become a member, they must consent to the murdering of their families if they break the rules of the gang. It was at this time that one of the boys realized that Huck did not have a real family. They talked it over, and they was going to rule me out, because they said every boy must have a family or something to kill, or else it wouldn't be fair and square for the others. Well, nobody could think of anything to do- everybody was stumped, and set still. I was most ready to cry; but all at once I thought of a way, and so I offered them Miss Watson-they could kill her (17-18). At this moment, Huck is at the peak of his immorality. A person with morals would not willingly sacrifice the life of someone else just in order to be part of a gang. It is at this point where Huck can now begin his journey of moral progression. Huck encounters his first major dilemma when he comes across the wrecked steamboat and three criminals. When J im and Huck take the skiff for themselves, leaving the three robbers stranded, Huck realizes that he has left them to die. moralhf Essays - Adventures Of Huck Finn And Moral Progress :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays Adventures Of Huck Finn And Moral Progress    The main character of Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn undergoes a total moral transformation upon having to make life defining decisions throughout his journey for a new life. Huck emerges into the novel with an inferiority complex caused by living with a drunken and abusive father, and with the absence of any direction. It is at this point where Huck is first seen without any concept of morality. Fortunately, Huck is later assisted by the guidance of Jim, a runaway slave who joins him on his journey and helps Huck gain his own sense of morality. Throughout Huck's adventures, he is put into numerous situations where he must look within himself and use his own judgement to make fundamental decisions that will effect the morals of which Huck will carry with him throughout his life. Preceding the start of the novel, Miss Watson and the widow have been granted custody of Huck, an uncivilized boy who possesses no morals. Huck looks up to a boy named Tom Sawyer who has decided he is going to start a gang. In order for one to become a member, they must consent to the murdering of their families if they break the rules of the gang. It was at this time that one of the boys realized that Huck did not have a real family. They talked it over, and they was going to rule me out, because they said every boy must have a family or something to kill, or else it wouldn't be fair and square for the others. Well, nobody could think of anything to do- everybody was stumped, and set still. I was most ready to cry; but all at once I thought of a way, and so I offered them Miss Watson-they could kill her (17-18). At this moment, Huck is at the peak of his immorality. A person with morals would not willingly sacrifice the life of someone else just in order to be part of a gang. It is at this point where Huck can now begin his journey of moral progression. Huck encounters his first major dilemma when he comes across the wrecked steamboat and three criminals. When J im and Huck take the skiff for themselves, leaving the three robbers stranded, Huck realizes that he has left them to die.

Rfid at the Metro Group Essay

The market is mature and continually seeks innovative ideas to enhance competitive advantage -Highly capital intensive -Low to moderate labor intensiveness -Low margin; high volume – they take advantage of economies of scale -Characterized by high volume holding capacity controlled through Information Technology Company Facts Metro Group was Germany’s biggest retailer (250 stores, 10 warehouses, 100 suppliers) that operates globally in 6 divisions: Metro Cash & Carry (wholesale), Retail (hypermarkets), Extra (supermarkets), Media Market and Saturn (consumer electronics), Praktiker (building materials), Galeria Kaufhof (department stores) -Metro Group (hereafter, Metro) is the world’s 3rd-largest retailer -Having the capacity to carry large volumes of inventory and have it adequately controlled and managed by cost efficient Information Technology resources – Increased company international expansion overseas -Metro is seeking to improve product accessibility: Having products consumers want in locations consumers can find them easily oReducing shrink in the Supply chain oHaving little to no Out of Stock occurrences -Launched the Future Store Initiative in September 2002 to test different initiative aimed at improving all aspects of the customer experience Competitive Environment -Porter’s Five Forces o Supplier Power- Relatively low; products can be procured from many different places at low price. Products have low differentiation oSubstitutes- High threat with established companies such as Walmart, Tesco, and Carrefour in the same industry. Buyer Power- Moderate level of buyer power. Customers are sensitive to prices, brand names and are willing to investigate substitutes oBarriers to Entry- Relatively high- Metro is rather large and established as well as some of its competitors. Need lots of capital, innovative supply chain management strategy will be need to be able to compete. oRivalry- Moderate to high level of rivalry between the competition. Companies are investigating new way to improve product availability and cut costs Strategic Fit or Alignment -Metro’s supplier have not been implementing RFID as Metro would like i. e. Misplaced, low quality tags are a major issue -Metro’s IT subsidiary has aided in improving fit across the 6 independent sale divisions -There is a lack of fit between employees’ training and the mission of management to implement the RFID -Lack of alignment existent within Metro’s leadership as to whether or not RFID should be applied company-wide as the solvent for Metro’s supply chain issues -Hard Conclusions: Metro should develop an even more strategic relationship with its suppliers so that they are cognizant of how to implement RFID and that they maintain a certain level of quality; Metro should also train its employees on how to apply RFID within their tasks; Metro’s highest management should continue to utilize RFID but should also seek to improve its supply chain in the areas suggested by opponents of RFID RFID Facts -RFID contains at least two parts oIntegrated circuit- storing and processing information, modulating and demodulating a radio frequency and other specialized functions oAntenna- receiving and transmitting the signal Used in enterprise supply chain management to improve the efficiency of inventory tracking and management -Limited growth and adoption in enterprise supply chain markets due to advanced technology needed to implement it Metro’s Competitive Strategy -Metro is a leader in supply chain innovation through the use of the RFID system. Metro does not want to sacrifice quality over costs for RFID which: oReduces shrink because of great accuracy in inventory location oImproves on-shelf availability and reduces substitute purchases oReduces out-of-stocks by reducing poor store execution oImproves productivity and labor efficiencies by eliminating manual entries and barcode scanning -Strengths (Metro) oMore economies of scale oGlobal recognition and success Moving in a positive direction with innovative technologies.

A Short History Of Self Esteem - 2742 Words

A Short History of Self-Esteem The history of self-esteem can be traced back throughout time. In this section we have a critical look at the self-esteem movement. Though an overweening conceit of our own merit be vicious and disagreeable, nothing can be more laudable than to have a value for ourselves, where we really have qualities that are valuable . . . it is certain that nothing is more useful to us, in the conduct of life, than a due degree of pride, which makes us sensible of our own merit, and gives us a confidence and assurance in all our projects and enterprises. David Hume, Treatise of Human Nature, vol. 2 As the quotation from the great 18th century Scottish Enlightenment thinker David Hume shows, the idea that it is†¦show more content†¦Seligman argues that the 1960s changed all this. First the rise of wealth and consumerism meant that it was easier to conceptualise the individual at the centre of his/her destiny. And psychology, partly as a result of Seligman’s own â€Å"learned helplessness† experiments, created theories which put the â€Å"self-directed† individual at the centre of his or her own life. The rise of the self-esteem movement From the late 1960s on self-esteem became a fashionable and influential idea. One of the first exponents was a young psychology professor called Stanley Coopersmith from California. A more influential figure was Nathaniel Branden. Branden was a psychotherapist and devotee of the philosopher Ayn Rand. He has written countless books on self-esteem and is considered the intel lectual father of the self-esteem movement. As we shall see in another section, Branden’s work is sophisticated and his definition of self-esteem, and notions of how it can be boosted, is a far cry from the exhortations to feel special that have come to characterise self-esteem building exercises in American schools. Self-esteem may simply have remained a psychological and philosophical concept, debated by academics, if it had not been taken up by politicians in California in the late 1980s. John Vasconcellos was a state assemblyman who believed that low self-esteem was the cause of crime, teenage pregnancy, drug abuse andShow MoreRelatedSelf Esteem By Carol Craig1090 Words   |  5 PagesSelf-Esteem can be harmful and make people very self centered, but others lack confidence and need a boost of self-esteem. Self-esteem is a very important factor in various reasons that happens in people’s daily life. With no type of thought people don’t think or take self-esteem with importance without realizing that self-esteem is a huge thing that us humans depend for our daily activities. 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