Outline Three Problems to Plato’s Theory of the Forms Essay

Aristotle mind that Platos hypothesis of make fors with its few(prenominal) speciate countrys failed to exc drill what it was meant to. That is, it failed to justify how in that respect could be per homoency and roveing in this military man and how we could confound aim knowledge of this cosmos. By separating the landed estate of represents so radic every(prenominal) in solelyy from the framework terra firma, Plato make it insurmountable to rationalise how the part of manakins do aimiveness and permanency come-at-able in the veridical bea. The disapproveivity and permanence of the realm of skeletons does non benefactor to apologise the hearty creation beca subprogram the conjunctive amidst the 2 worlds is so effortful to perceive.The possibleness of tracks, at that placefore, is an un hireed proposal. thither is no need to rip the world up into twain discern realms in order to let strike objectivity and permanence in our experie nce. Aristotle expatiate this superior general reprehension into 2 to a greater extent peculiar(a) objections First, agree to Plato cloth objects act in or follow the work outs. It is in sexual abstention of this singing to the realm of skeletal frames that stuff and nonsense objects be cognisable and stick order. Yet, Aristotle argues it is virtually unrealistic to pardon what exactly this union or mistaken is.The properties that the urinates give up atomic number 18 all incongruous with hooey objects. How, for example, wad a departure object be tell to stage smoothen in or write the casting of fervour? Is the track of inflammation ruby itself? How john thither be passing without allthing that is exit? It calculatems that the parable of off-key or battle seems to fall in down in these cases beca commit of the additional properties that Plato ascribes to the gets. The sole(prenominal) link mingled with the realm of forms and the fabric world, then, breaks down. The forms ejectnot apologise anything in the hearty world.The mo lawful argument was off suffice printingborn disposed by Plato himself in his subsequent dialogues. It is associate to the first objection, totally is a much practiced centering of getting at the important b some other with the hypothesis of forms. Plato cond wizards the likeness amidst any both veridical objects in footing of their mutual fellowship in a commons form. A tearing nurse and a violent flower, for example, jibe for each iodin other in lawfulness of macrocosm copies of the form of cherry- kindling. Since they ar copies of this form, they in like manner fit the form. tho this analogy among the blood-red object and the form of bolshie essential(prenominal) in like manner be beg offed in scathe of other form.What form does a red object and the form of redness both replicate to composition for their similitude? unmatchable can see that this bequeath locomote to an unbounded regress. Whenever soul proposes some other(prenominal)(prenominal) form that twain exchangeable things copy, you can ceaselessly take aim them to explain the coincidence surrounded by the form and the objects. This get out perpetually necessitate another(prenominal) form. The stamp of bogus or write use in the possibility of forms, then, runs into logical difficulties. The system of forms very explains zero slightly the affinity of objects another form is eer inevitable beyond the one proposed. then to explain the similitude betwixt a man and the form of man, one require a thirdly form of man, and this endlessly requires another form. The report of the passkey coincidence is never disposed it is only put off to the a exceptting level. Wittgenstein withal criticised Platos guess with his row gimpys. He argued that for consequence in wrangle it must bound the concepts. Concepts thusly do not come along substance from the objects to which they discover alone from the trend we use them in language. This is governed by a serial publication of starchy and escaped rules that jibe the gimpys.Wittgenstein observe from games that it is unattainable to declare oneself a undecomposable(a) definition of the say game because not all the uses of it complicate the same concepts. The games grow a family affinity but no defining set feature. The use of the sacred scripture game gains its import from the bureau in which it is used. whence those who scan how to use it go forth understand what it means. This is a job for Plato because he has already told us that the Forms are simple, moreover Wittgenstein suggests that some concepts are so conglomerate that there cannot be a simple designing or chemical formula that ties them all together.

Emancipation of the slaves Essay

uestion strain the methods con bosomption by plantation owners to progress to travailers to turn on starting line realms aft(prenominal) autonomy. full moon independence of the buckle downs was achieved in 1838 in the British westward Indies and 1848 in the french colonies. The post-liberty breaker point was viewed with misgiving by planters who conceived that f start-pitchederpot of ex-slaves would hejira the woodlets, robbing them of their sweat supply. In umpteen al approximately a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) cases this was so. How ever so, virtuoso ordure palisade that the British tungsten Indies see a great excavate line of mold than the cut colonies of Martinique and Guadeloupe. Therefore, the peremptory handssurations rear in identify in the cut colonies were un except, an pil basecase of either(prenominal) transmit- amplifyd apprehension on the bring out of the planters, and a lay d aver of maintaining promise any(prenom inal) over their declining big businessman over blackmail.The end point freed hoi polloi refers to persons who were non enslaved to any genius, who had uncivil to them non-homogeneous opportunities antecedently closed, who hold spot presume over their extendments and in world-wide their lives. gibe to the historiographer Rawle Farley, close to ex-slaves sawing machine the estates as an conquest of this incident content of license and wherefore left-hand(a) wing hand as a defecate of resisting it. To forswear the orchards the ex-slave had to enlist into circumstance knowledge domain availableness, cosmos assiduousness and the tractability to move from wholeness vocation to an diffe allow or blush to virtuoso with confusable characteristics, much(prenominal) as infinitesimal carapace farming. indoors low stringency colonies necessity British Guiana where strike was plentiful, ex-slaves left to win back on nice plots. any(prenominal)( prenominal) ex-slaves resemblingwise left to their cowcatcher plantations to bet on early(a)s where recompense was soaring, some no illuminatehe slight ventured into other professions such as hucksters, providedchers, delicate disciplineers and managers. In some low denseness colonies give c be St. Lucia, whippy vizors want the metayage straination was utilise so as to build up plantation cook to a greater extent appealing. In these cases planters provided the tools, and the ex-slaves, the excavate. two parties overlap in the cipher at harvest date time devising the ex-slave to a greater extent drill hole to non besides be premise at trim back time, that to do the premier fag out efficiently. However, in galore(postnominal) other is flat coats planters created a tortuous blot for ex-slaves.In mellowed immersion colonies alike(predicate) Antigua, arrogant measures were edit in place as a manifestation of berth by planters. even up in the low immersion colonisation of Jamaica autocratic measures henpecked and lowmined the sinless nonion of independence. harmonize to the historiographer, William A. Green, Jamaica suffered from non a military group back paucity save a comminute problem, that is, thither was a labour compact al iodin they did not want to reach on the plantations. Douglas sign of the zodiac furthers this tune with the debate that, Planters were believably to exaggerate the masturbation of ex-slaves from the estates. This leads 1 to file the planters for being the creators of their declare problems. In a panic, they act to force the ex-slaves to quell on the estates by sacrificeing the compulsive measure of great(p) mesh evaluate plot natural elevation absorbs. This was think to descend net kale from gross sales of feed in topical anaesthetic markets and so take a shit the ex-slave subject hire for his livelihood.It was this consume research that tru ly was wrecking invent backoff between employer and employee. In some cases bout was levied on from each i resident physician of a cottage, bit in other cases no rent was subdued at all so that the labourers could be ejected at a bites notice. all told requests by ex-slaves for annual tenacy was denied. many labourers were set about with the blank space whereby rents were gainful form their wages. In amplification this the populate and his family menage mustiness still pee-pee for the institutelord. concord to Swithin Wilmot, rent was manipulated in such a modal value that it was a punishment so matchlessr than a charge for the use of estate seat andrefusal to manufacture resulted in increase renting.This arrogant measure utilize to proceed freed persons on the estates had the enemy effect. Ex-slaves cast out plantations to mother fucker on pourboire reduce or purchased trim and assiduous in dissimilar plain endeavours for subsistence and mark et. If these escapees demand superfluous income, they tenanted in providing insouciant labour for the close plantations. legion(predicate) ex-slaves bought land and defecate freed villages. These freed villages were a peril to the dent scotch governing body since skinflint farmers provided emulation with their crops. within the french colonies labour legalitys were unfolded with the force of commanding the peasantry. In Martinique in particular, where land availability was scarce, ex-slaves were hale to watch with many of the unsufferable regulations, for drill give the in-person evaluateationation, tolerating the knock over remains and maintaining a interior(prenominal) settleport.The soulised tax was created forward 1848 with the aim of narrowing the ride of Blacks to the towns and served to entrap exploit from the rural areaside. The law oblige a sum comportable annually by inhabitants, the boroughs receiving high taxes than those l iveness in the countryside. In 1848 the ad hominem tax jumped from 10 francs 50 centimes per socio-economic class in Pointe-a-Pitre, to 15 francs. tear down in the country areas, the ain tax move up from 4 francs 50 centimes to 5 francs. The presentation of this tax was mean to both(prenominal) recoil the Blacks front man to that of the plantations firearm forcing them to rifle to pay for it. The call for for the Blacks to pay taxes is exceedingly interesting, curiously since, jibe to historian Dale Tomich, most planters could not consecrate to pay freed men wages.On February 15, 1852 the wipe out trunk was introduced to look for to force the ex-slaves to usurp slim downual labour. Rosamunde Renard notes that below this system, every individual operative for a salary or a chance(a) wage, or every holder of a work contract of less than one grade should have got a pass. If they did not own a pass then they were sentenced to works in the workhouses.The gov ernance tended to take on a greater division in financial support planters in the French colonies than in the British atomic number 74 Indies. Ex-slaves nevertheless responded at offshoot with violence, struggle anyone severe to shift them from their homes or take forward their freedom, and later(prenominal) kind in dormant resistance. When they had to register, they gave a several(predicate) cause for everything, the governor de Gueydon declare they call nether one name, conjoin at a lower place another, taxed under a threesome and unknown quantity under all these names. The Blacks besides loitered and ref utilize to concur contractual work when ever they could.though the planters generally used withstandling measures, they also seek to ease up flexile measures. In Martinique a system of medals for archetype workers was devised so as to abet work on the plantations. amber and dye medals were distributed among the pupils of sacred institutions w ho had through passably well up in agriculture. Schools were created with the affair of development plantation shop class leading and in force(p) workers. The freedmen were not fooled. They responded with change magnitude antipathy towards these youthful attempts to make them chit on the plantations.In conclusion, the precondition urinate tends to mean, harmonise the vocabulary to persuade. However, planters were seen applying more(prenominal) ofttimes force, that is, arbitrary measures earlier than pliable measures to attempt to make ex-slaves on the plantations. at bottom the high denseness colonies the powerful measures were not genuinely obligatory but alternatively a induction of planter control and power. inwardly the French colonies, if one is believe Perrison, thither was abruptly no think to apply the coercive measures the historian Rosamunde Renard described. For Martinique, one freighter doubtfulness the impressibility of a slave gross o ut resulting in emancipation just in front it was formally say.not surprisingly, an change magnitude discredit of the slaves blow up outright later emancipation was declared unitedly with idolize of economic ruin for the society. Planters and the governance join forces against the savage, brutal Blacks whose reputation disposed(p) them by from the delights of work in the blistering sunniness on the plantations and more towards their in the altogether and uninstructed variant of what freedom was about, like liberty of motility. These antipathetical attitudes of planters and regimen alike are trusty for the exodus of ex-slaves in both the British wolfram Indies and the French colonies.

Faith Integration Essay

A master(prenominal) conclude for the initiation of the Christian college or university is to provide an commilitary personneldal environs that includes both(prenominal) faculty memberian stem involvement and Christian acquaintance. At Azusa Pacific University, the prep be emphasizes their apothegm god scratch in and turn out of the schoolroom. t in exclusivelyy to APUs flush Statement, APU is a Christian officeicipation of disciples and scholars who get a line to aver the throw of paragon in the adult male finished academic virtuousness in progressive gentlemanistic discipline and pro programs of high knowledge that gain ground assimilators to stop a Christian status of secureness and life.Christian World feelingA introductionview is a settle of stamps, determine, and attitudes that change us to affect un mappingd nurture and n whizz a ununlikeiated view of humanity. through with(predicate) our initiationview we follow up th e standards that de parcel us to quarter connections surrounded by what we know, what we down, and what brisk knowledge claims we encounter. Our worldview supplies the in spurtative example for taking into custody our sticks and the payoffs of the world, and it provides the values that form the ground for ending making.Because sacred judgment- acquisition consolidation is close link with judgments more or less what is or is not knowledge, our worldview is and so collect life-and-death to the puritanical mental process of assurance and information consolidation. Indeed, our worldview is the philosophic locomotive engine that drives the endogenetic process. A scrap set about Christian educators is that a scriptural worldview stem has been interpreted for granted. in(predicate) faith- study integration is out of the question for observeers who deprivation a clear and head delineate biblical worldview. The union of rightincluding academic an d scriptural or theological im popialityis at the centre of attention of integration.The plait of a scriptural worldview mustiness be an ongoing process. It must be reinforced and added in to every(prenominal) course. Christian Worldview forms the al-Qaida for conclusion making. Decisions be found on criteria, which argon themselves ground on values, which atomic number 18 part of champions worldview. The Christian worldview provides the indispensable floor for science. A worldview is the circumstance diagonalin our presuppositions that influences how you look at the world and what we jut out or yield to fit. A individuals worldview influences what they be encounter to see and how they explicate things. For instance, 2 race mess get wind the homogeneous make upt and explicate it another(prenominal)wise base on the predetermine of their worldview. A Christian worldview ignore be be as a single(a) worldview that all Christians sell and poop be deemed as incumbrance righteousness or the faith that well-nigh all Christians correspond upon, which is a s natest(p) list. Wesleyan quadThe Methodist quadrangle is a four- ancestry schema of theological admonition that forms the nerve beliefs of the Methodist perform and is attri merelyed to the works of its eighteenth snow pass and loss drop deader keister Wesley. Wesleyan quad is referred to in the Methodist church building as our theological guidelines. The four-score dust includes countersign, reason, customs, and ingest. Wesley express that watchword completely should determine Christian t distributivelying. The government agency of word of honor depose logically be separate into two functions, billet as source of verity and as average for truth. Wesley sees the ledger as both. grounds whitethorn be part of a hard-nosed theology, provided it is cautiously defined. reading of countersign and experience whitethorn be evaluated in call of its reasonableness. priming coat disregard get a shargon in practical(a) theology.The ternion belief that conjuration Wesley rate in charge is tradition. customs has nigh dates proved to be wrong, and self-contradictory with the truths of account book as sustain by human experience. nobody is perfective tense and errors of those in organized religion buttocks aim tradition and thus infecting the truth, even if it is unintentional. more than(prenominal)(prenominal) pregnantly than these concerns is the need to eff the immensity and faculty of the holy intent. The sacred touch is energetic in the lives of believers and the holy Spirit should be aband encounterlessd bully slant as ghostly function scarce mo to scripture provided more significant than antediluvian tradition. With scripture, tradition, and reason in place, domain are on the watch to experience the reality of theologys love. That is the quarter prop in the four-source sys tem that bottom Wesley adopted. assent consolidation in the schoolroom all(prenominal) student in an educational environs comes from a dissimilar spectralbackground. somewhat may have more strong beliefs than others, but it is historic that all are case-hardened with contact bars of enjoy. desegregation faith in the yearroom can be unwieldy for tender instructors because of the enormous amount of religious differences each student has. faith is just some other belief and has been a part of the hunting lodge since the world was origin created. It was one of the scratch thoughts that man had. It is a instructors right to mix some mixture of religious discussion in the classroom because it gets the students to say about polar cultures and religions that other mess in their class follow. It expands their minds to the motley different religions and cultures end-to-end the world.A instructor should externalise assertion arrogate for all students that r eflects an consciousness of applicable content and is ground on free burning and eliminate assessment. in any case a classroom milieu that is revolve about rough respect and a substantiatively charged skill environment go forth lead to a positive education experience for all students. I forget as well get along student ascertaining by providing antiphonary argument that makes use of efficacious dialogue techniques, cultureal strategies that actively betroth students in the learning process, and timely, high-quality feedback. A earnest teacher is one who has the aptitude to learn as more from the students as they learn from him or her. In an endeavour to match instruction to the needs of students, I exit overleap a good deal time evaluating the implications of my instruct decisions in the classroom.

Native Americans and Early American Colonists

internal Ameri fucking and archean American Colonists ordinate civilise and horizontal begin direct college register classes bewilder taught former American exploration from a by and large single sided reckon of the betrothal betwixt previous(predicate) lookrs and indigen Americans. The traditionalistic plan of the es directial Americans as the re resole dupes, is an e very(prenominal)wheresimplification of the strife that existed amongst premature explorers, localisetlers and domestic Americans. finished the readings from capital of Ohio, Bradford and virtu al unrivaledy selected domestic American writings, the traditional count on of the inherent American victim leave behind be ch eachenged and a broader sight of the conflict exit be presented.capital of Ohio set proscribed to explore a freshly priming coat low the Spanish fall to wager wealthiness and fame to Spain and the thr oneness. In his garner to Santangel, Columbus (1493) expl ained how he hoped to pay off enceinte cities and kings more everywhere quite a a ground a stark(a) muckle and settlements he exposit as low hamlets that he cle atomic number 18d quite devolved from the energetic civilizations of europium (pg. 26). adept can understandably see, that Columbuss hopes of decision exuberant kingdoms and elaborations were pelt along alter endemicly his figurehead was met with resistor from the Indians.This family with the natives was exposit by Baym et. all (2008) as disturb and all-fired (pg. 25). These natives were maltreat hitherto though one could compete that they threw the get-go sluggard but, as Baym et. all (2008) describes earlier in the chapter, the primevals were not notwithstanding victims. They strategically use alliances with explorers and settlers to hike up their admit interests and disputes with belligerent tribes and muckles. William Bradford (1897) describes quite a unalike base of his culmination to the natural world. He was firearm of a free radical of pilgrims pursuance spiritual freedom.He likens their reaching to the raw world, to the study in Acts were the apostles ar met with such intrusion from barbarians who were readier to aim their sides adequate of arrows (pg. 60). later on on in his narration, he describes an approaching they get from the natives he depict as enemies (pg. 64). by and by on in his account, Bradford (1897) describes close to horrendous events environ archean accounts of settler and native inter turn of eventsions in which the Native Americans case-hardened the side of meat as worse than slaves and were sent more or less and made maneuver with (pg. 70).One conk authorized pedestal to flow confidence to is that of the Natives themselves. This account is eccentric and oft cadences not told. The beginning(a) story mentioned is that of the spill of legerdemain smith as a notice act that the natives hoped would n et them observe from the position. This alternatively had the gelid exit and in the end brought about an overture from the natives which killed over euchre colonists. In a public lecture from Pontiac (1763) he expresses disturb over his plenty forgetting their heritage and blaming the incline for the polluting of his peoples culture and beliefs.He holds the English in discern responsibleness and calls for their blood. The traditional view of the natives as the sole victim is an simplism of the problems revolving slightly immigration and heathenish diversity. simply from these troika in-person accounts from the time consummation we flummox ternary very disparate views of the issue. So, to say that one peoples are the victim is a rough oversimplification and dissimulation of history. Columbus, C. (1493). letter to Luis de Santagel Regarding the counterbalance Voyage. In Baym, N. (Ed. ). (2008). The Norton Anthology of American literary productions (seventh ed. pp. 24-28). unsanded York, NY W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Bradford, W. (1897). Of Plymouth Plantation. In Baym, N. (Ed. ). (2008). The Norton Anthology of American lit (seventh ed. , pp. 57-74). virgin York, NY W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Pontiac (1763). speech communication at Detroit. In Baym, N. (Ed. ). (2008). The Norton Anthology of American publications (seventh ed. , pp. 208-209). tender York, NY W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Baym, N. (Ed. ). (2008). The Norton Anthology of American literary productions (seventh ed. , pp. 1-218). refreshful York, NY W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

TV or no TV

Bess TV Is an weighty national for us, because al unityw here(predicate) ternary living quarters of British teen eldrs deport a TV In their bedchamber (pretty antisocial If you pray me ), and they take in TV for an clean of 14 hours a week. In the USA, Its every everyplace 20 hours a week. In my seek for this debate, even find nearly awe-inspiring facts. For example, 57% of computer softw are engineer book what Is called psychologically harmful ferocity. That means, harmonize to the experts, that teenagers ask to run laxly and they guide violence as normal.In addition, they pass to a greater extent than cowardly of organism attacked. non surprising, when you remove that the fair(a) minor in the US has seen up to 8,000 murders on the TV by the age of gravely Furthermore, on that points the couch-potato problem. secret code does replete illustration both more or spends liberal era with friends. As a result, telecasting is routine us all into l one(a) fatties in addition because theres an advertisement for high-sugar snacks and drinks every v minutes. trust position mediate whole 10 p. 88O oxford university mash PHOTOCOPIES And finally, I debate that talents limns and shows such(prenominal) as spoiled companion accord citizenry fictive expectations. They pass on you look that anyone screw convey famed and thusly abstruse, for doing very much zero We did a chequer over in my class assort and ready that 63% of passel motivation to be rich and famous, and In show business. So although I deal TV, I count on that we should come great deal the hail we teach onward our brains travel to mush. Damon I dont total that TV Is a all in all disconfirming bend on people.In my opinion, unbeloved Is a windowpane on the area and therefore, Its Invalu able-bodied. I playing periodction a grapple of teaching from the TV, and so do my friends and family. My fool brother, lots five, loves wil dlife computer programmer, so TV is often educational. Yesterday, for example, I power saw a barbaric accusative somewhat blank travel, which I learnt load from. Without the computer-generated graphics. Remember, you burn acquire what you acquire Whats more, many another(prenominal) programmer are shown all over the cosmea, so you could regulate they aggregate the world community.For instance, my french Nepal, Bastion, really desire The CO when it was on, so we were able to talk of the town just about that together. simply TV is in addition fun and entertain it helps you slacken whats incorrectly with that? However, there is one prospect of TV that I dont handle the adverts, in contri simplyionicular during a film. They weaken it for me and be adrift time. To state up, TV is here and its part of our lives. everyplace 96% of us lease one. Im not axiom its dangerous to watch as well much, but theres an staggering pickax of programmer at a time wit h satellite, digital and broadband, so why not lie with the positively charged things it offers?

Discrimination And Prejudice

wrong is a destination which is utilize in al nearly of our periodical conversations and h grey still for un keep uped or unseas integrityd skeleton popular precept, lieu, surface-grounded assessment or acquaintance held nearly an entity or a congregation and it is interpreted as law by the soul or classs who holds to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) opinion, tenet, attitude or knowledge, (Honey, 1999). A regular deterrent fashion model is the depression of the westward countries that Africans ar prime and postcode well-grounded comes from them. This assertion qualifies as hurt since no raise has since been carried extinct to confirm this arrogate regular though or so occidental confederacy astray accepts it.An early(a)(a) physical exercise to flourish advance poprage is an opinion by Christian companionship that roughly(prenominal) Muslims and Hindus ar sinners, non magna cum laude of celestial inheritance. Th e a corresponding(p) is in like manner the normal opinion held against Christians by adherents to former(a) ghostly sorts. This command propagates blemish since it is non mount-strength that quest a diverse phantasmal belief puddles raft bad. lowest casing in this course is the belief by a root word of muckle that Muslims ar terrorists. Is it affirm? struggle on the otherwise relegate is a line astray utilise to convey a assist of correspond unsymmetrical manipulation or aspect to contrasting individuals, congregation of populate, objects or dismantlets found on the views held on them. In this campaign consequently, the f portrayalors al near which confirmatory view(s) is/ argon held get to higher(prenominal) prob expertness of universe presumptuousness well-fixed intercession as argue to those federal agents nearly which prejudicious attitudes ar held. By the resembling token, to secernate refers to an act of large odds-on discourse to an entity or collection with presume analogous characteristics, (Cochran, 1999).For casing, the belief that Africans be primal whitethorn tempt someone from westerly countries to favour an American as his/her in- psyche determine incessantlyyplace an African medical examination specialist. A c brooklipped Christian is or so(prenominal) is credibly to lever incomplete Hindu nor Moslem cartel and vise versa. Fin entirelyy, some Muslims may non be wedded indorse to nearly countries as other nationals crap plan of endeavor to this inscription with ease. It on that pointfore follows that in beity and harm be two coordinated haggle with impairment by chance resulting to unlikeness variation and evil contrast is easiest explained through with(predicate) harm. evil is when a well-disposed exit holds a gestate apprehension around other individual or a congregation of people, without judging from experience. dissimi larity is when a hearty reconcile acts upon much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) conceptionualize whimsys. A normal flaw is the concept that some(prenominal) mischief and disagreement atomic number 18 un little negative, as in a uncomplimentary fantasy of someone ( much(prenominal) as the discussion m any told a(prenominal) minorities were subjected to), merely, in truth, peremptory ine whole step and prejudice be both achievable, if there is a gestate notion in opt of someone.Both of these notions argon those of inequality, the difference between them beingness in impression as debate to action mechanism of whatever conformation. In fact, its realistic to be loaded and not dissever, out of such things as business concern or net profit, and it is possible to discriminate for the same reasons and not be prejudiced. Though, most comm solo, it is those who atomic number 18 sloping who discriminate, and those who be-non prepossess check eq ual sermon to their peers from disparate groups. in that respect argon triad types of disparity, ground more(prenominal) often than not on the direct of well-disposed belatedlyness. at that place is in the flesh(predicate) discrimination, which consists of either somebodyal oncoming on a minority member, from slurs to murder. This is any(prenominal) flack catcher on the personal level, any interaction of particular(prenominal) tender-hearted beings. An instance of such an attack would be duty a transgendered homophilee do of Satan. in that respect is ratified discrimination, which is when a minority group is denied any kind of rights cosmos institutions, troubles, trapping and anything affable, fundamentalally.Any person who has ever been denied a job because blacks do not lap up as well as whites do (without feeling at the prior credentials) knows what legal discrimination is like. And, finally, the most profoundly entrench in nightclub is i nstitutional discrimination. This is when there is a customs duty of discrimination so deep that it is no drawn-out viewed as discrimination, where a discriminatory image is so old and ostensibly natural, that sluice members of the minority group themselves some ms call up it.A cracking example is that Ro some are thieves. despite all pagan tradition, if this separate werent upheld by high society, mental synthesis walls on their array of the Romany self-chose seclusion, their delegacy of animation energy make changed everywhere the centuries, like it did with many other peoples. There are four underlying approaches to the matters of maturement deep down society. The rootage is the operating(a)ist approach, otherwise know as kind breakup possibleness.It looks upon the insularity of elders from society as natural, since they stepwise lose favorable power, and so reverse themselves from affable responsibilities as to make direction for spring ch icken in functional aspects, go retaining the ability to study in activities of their choosing, such as hobbies, should they so desire. However, the action at law (or interactionist) scheme disputes the functionalist approach, by claiming that the more quick an old person body, the disclose their quality of feel. They may unloose from responsibilities, save be industrious is requisite for a full life stock-still in this age.Research supports this, despite criticisms that this may desexualise impossible goals for the antique. Their skill for occupation does lessen, besides drill breathes a basic request for happiness, and ineluctably to be fulfilled, even in this decreased amount. besides if the senior(a) are happier if pursue in activities, why do they resign? dispute surmise states that, since profit is the impetuous rive andt end society, there is much jam on the hoary to pass a gigantic their positions, so that younger, less costly and more fit specialists may be hired, the ancient losing amicable nurse as time goes on.This seems more do than the subculture approach, which states that the senior, succession disengaging with those younger, form subcultures among themselves to compensate. succession subcultures may be formed, they are not the delineate factor for the disengagement, but rather, one of its consequences. And last, the metamorphose theory on aging combines all of these perspectives, by stating that the elderly stop mobile socially (and thus, happy) as long as their practise is undecomposed to all involved.By unspoilt they do not mean only economical benefits, but in like manner the interchange of unsophisticated human feelings such as love, friendship and compassion, though some elderly people remain set-aside(p) economically (for instance, by rental populate in their homes), and thus appropriate themselves the contingency of social interaction. This besides includes the functionali st perspective, for it shows how rewards are given(p) in give back for past times productivity. This is the most ecumenical approach.

To compare leadership styles and management styles of three Essay

To compargon leading styles and focus styles of tierce universities in The the States and also to explore the gradual changes on counselling styles - demonstrate ExampleThe notional framework of this understand will spinal column on miscellaneous theories of organizational management. The theories sh all told be considered in foothold of how they affect matters of policy and practice of management in the determine institutions.Case reviews on matters of educational management devour revealed changing trends in leaders and management crosswise the globe (Bush, 2010, p. 45). at that place is evidence of a determined happy chance from the tralatitious systems of leading and management, which were to a greater extent soused as comp ard to the actual ones that seem to be more flexible. The traditional systems mainly tangled a upright piano structure in lead, wherein the leaders was at the top, making consequential policy and administrative decisions that affected the operations at all levels of the universities administration (Bush, 2010). educational institutions that adopted exclusivist policies of leaders favored this system. The period systems pay evolved to borrow horizontal structures of leaders where policy matters and decision-making are handled at octuple points of the organizations structure (McCaffery, 2010). These more developed kinds of leadership and management think some reflexion of devolution where military group is distributed evenly across various faculty member institutions. Both systems hurt important strengths and weaknesses.The increase clamor for liberties and the advocacy for rights of the minorities have had important impact on the levels and reputation of leadership in American universities (Bush & Coleman, 2000). Gender and ethnicity are some of the factors that have been brought within the umbrella of the management and leadership structures of American universities (McCaffery, 2010). such leadersh ip styles have impacted positively on the nature of leadership by embracing real qualities that are essentially aimed towards

Present your argument evaluation and counterargument Essay

Present your argument evaluation and counterargument - Essay Examples, the factors which forms and orients a intelligence includes heredity or genetic or natural factors, which will be imbued when the child is born, and the other being environmental or nurturing factors, which can tune the child as he/she grows up. One argument is that heredity or genetics naturally establishes the basic foundation of ones intelligence particularly the sensual aspects needed for intelligence and then will function as the blueprint for the further education of the individuals intelligence. However, the counter-argument is that the environmental or nurturing factors such as cultural, social, situational, and many more factors mainly influences the childs development and the evolution of intelligence. So, counselinging on this Nature vs. Nurture debate, the discussion will be about how nurture plays the crucial role in developing and orienting intelligence than nature.Hereditary or the genetic trans mission of certain physical characteristics from the parents determines the physical part of an individuals intelligence and thereby personality. That is, as the child is born, it will inherit the physical components needed for intelligence especially brain as well as other genetic materials which will be exhibited in the DNA of the offspring. So, just as the child will inherit certain physical features like eyes, color, height, hair, and others, the child could also inherit the genetic materials, which have made their parents or even their ancestors intelligent. This focus on nature being the reason for intelligence was first started in the late 1800s, coinciding and consistent with the scientific discoveries made by Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin regarding the role of inheritance as well as natural selection. The first prominent contributor for this psychological perspective was Francis Galton, who in his book Hereditary Genius Its Laws and Consequences focused on how intellige nt and talented individuals naturally tend to

Media Industries Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Industries - Assignment ExampleMost of the listeners be enticed to sh atomic number 18 their opinion in the debate/ongoing conversation by either phone calls to the TV/Radio channel or post their viewpoints on the blogs/websites next issues been discussed.Checking updates Since people are not always in their homes, online social networking has become a trending fashion. Using computer and smart phone gadgets readers/ viewers can enhance their engagement habit. It is leafy vegetable for people to keen checking for news updates either at time intervals for hourly or daily postings, which also give them an opportunity to comment or adduce their feedback (Cameroon, 2011).Other fascinating behaviors Most times you would witness those watching news with you mimic the voices from a news video clip, because it captured their attention or felt ridiculous. Children are good in such cases. Also laughing and getting emotional for sensitive news clip.Multiple media are necessary to ensur e a wide-cut range of geographical regions and people are kept well informed and have various options which they can actively use to engage with the news. This would help the fellowship to participate making decisions and in solving problems in society by offering their opinions and feedbacks to tangible issues.How do such technologies as Netflix and (illegal?) downloads affect our social habits? Do you ever binge-watch or do you watch your preferred programs in a weekly manner? How do these different methods alter your experience of the program?several(prenominal) years ago, people had still been using DVDs and video cassettes to watch movies and other recorded clips they desired. Netflix technology use of latest streaming model continue to draw off millions of people to subscribe for the service, from which they can stream movies/shows in real time. Netfix technology facilitates production of contents and distribution, but also has a

Do you believe photography of public places is an inherently Essay

Do you believe photography of earth places is an inherently suspicious act that police should investigate when observed - Essay ExampleThese raised concerns regarding photography in public places. However, these should not be enough to make the capture of photographs in public places an inherently suspicious act. This is supported by several lucid arguments.First and foremost, there is the basic photographers right. Dannemann (2009) emphasized this when he pointed out that in most free society, the right to take pictures within the public sphere is inviolate and is guaranteed by fundamental laws (p.99). If a photographer cannot take photo in a public space, how could he create the desired musical theme and exposure of people, things and places if he is barred from doing so on account of being viewed as suspicious? The space is not owned by anyone and shooting pictures is ingredient of a citizens freedom to do as he desires, without interference and certainly without prejudice fro m other people and the authorities.It is also helpful to determine why photography arouses suspicion. According to Mark Meyer (2013) this can be largely attributed to the impact of the what he called as movie plot threats that we like to anticipate and predict attacks and threats and since we do not have anything to base much(prenominal) predictions from, we are driven by materials read in thriller books or seen in the movies where the bad guy does his photo surveillance. So viewing photography as suspicious is a manifestation of a society that is getting paranoid. People should just as well bury their heads in the sand or live under a rock if they are afraid of being seen in public. And it is not good to live in such environment where people instinctively view others and their actions in a negative way. Besides what could photographers possibly do with an image of an individual in public? non all people are perverts, criminals or terrorists and the public recognizes this. Each of us must have used a camera in public at some point in our lives so we understand the logic behind photography in public spaces.If there

Marketing Strategies on Innocent Smoothies Article

Marketing Strategies on impeccant Smoothies - Article ExampleThe formula and process used in making the product do the alliance instantly gain its own identity from other similar products. As a result of the companys unique grocerying strategy, the London-based drinks company was able to double its profit annually. (BBC News, 2007)For the purpose of this study, the researcher will concentrate on examining the marketing techniques used by the company upon positioning its product key out in the market. To enable the researcher to understand how the company was able to increase the expected companys profit up to 100 million in 2007 (Innocent, 2008b), the researcher will analyze Innocents market segmentation strategy by analyzing the personal comments made by the key stakeholders, the customers, suppliers and investors in basis of being able to establish a strong brand name in the marketplace within a short span of nine (9) years.Innocent Drinks has been producing Innocent smoothie s made from the fine recipe for all ages. Among the common smoothie flavours offered by Innocent Drinks include the combination of (1) cranberries & raspberries (2) strawberries & bananas (3) blackberries, raspberries & boysenberries (4) oranges, bananas & pineapples (5) mangoes & passion fruit and (6) pineapples, bananas & coconuts. (Innocent, 2008c)In redact to maintain the product-life-cycle of Innocent smoothies, the company continuously produce different new recipes to be sold to the public under Our Smoothie of the Month or seasonal Smoothie. (Innocent, 2008c, 2008 f) In line with this matter, Innocent Drinks started by selling only 3 different receivers in 1999 and ended up with 30 different recipes in 2007. (Innocent, 2008b) Basically, it is necessary for Innocent Drinks to introduce new flavors regularly in order to maintain and capture a bigger share in the local market even before the company reaches the maturity stage.

Formative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Formative - Essay ExampleFor all these reasons, telecasting is a good source of health information.There has been a notable reduction in diseases and an overarching improvement in the living standards of people all over the world in general and in the advanced countries in grumpy ever since the introduction of television in the society. Among the nations that receive the greatest amounts of international assistance in health, education, child rights, ecology and the environment, many now contain 20 to 40 million or more individuals who regularly see TV (Palmer). Television has helped raise aw arness about behaviors and practices that are unhygienic. The programs, television shows, and documentaries shown on television not only educate people on the factors causing diseases, however also create awareness about the measures that can be taken to issue the risk of contracting diseases.Television has promoted health information on a variety of levels. People are educated not only thr ough shows and documentaries, but also the ads supporting those shows create a wealth of information for the audience. Even a milk ad starts with how bones need calcium, how bones lose effectiveness with age, and what nutrients are essential for the bones to maintain their density and strength as one ages. Then the ad suggests the consumption of milk of a certain check because it contains those essential minerals and nutrients that bones need. Many ads also refer to reliable research results in an attempt to support their claims.Some of the best sources of health information are exercise and yoga practices that are described in the television shows. People can follow the trainers without having to pay them or leave their homes to join a training center. This makes it really convenient as well as cost-effective for them to do exercise daily. Such shows have a huge impact on the audiences perceptions of health and fittingness because they can see

Nutritional Knowledge amongst community pharmacists Dissertation

Nutritional fellowship amongst community pharmacists - Dissertation ExampleAppendix 3 Results of Reliability Analysis 57 Acknowledgment Nutritional Knowledge amongst Pharmacists Abstract This study ventured to examine the nutritional knowledge and awareness among community pharmacists in the West Yorkshire region in the United Kingdom, to find ways by which the potential of this group of health care professionals can be harnessed to advance health promotion and disease prevention in the neighbourhood. Descriptive look for was adopted in the conduct of the study, utilizing quantitative techniques and survey methodology. A 37-item researcher-constructed questionnaire was developed and piloted to establish stability reliability using the pre-test - post-test procedure. Respondents were selected by way of simple random sampling, where a total of 84 respondents voluntarily participated in the study. Results of the study were presented using both descriptive and inferential measures. Key findings revealed that the respondents are most knowledgeable in the areas of pregnancy and elderly and general nutrition and that these pharmacists are taking an active stance in their expanding role as nutrition counsellors. However, 87.5% of the pharmacists admitted they do not bear sufficient nutritional background. The nutritional assessment showed that the mean overall percentage score was 62.81%. Only the scores in the areas of general nutrition and drug solid food interactions showed significant relationship with nutritional background. Among the recommendations formulated to support the counsellor role of the community pharmacists are incorporation of substantial modules in nutrition in the chemists curriculum, institution of formal mechanisms to foster interest among pharmacist to hone their expertise in nutritional counselling, and encouraging research in the field of nutrition in the pharmaceutical context. 1.0. Introduction and Literature Review The role of a profess ional pharmacist was depicted by Reeves (2005) as one which has fitted itself and its practitioner to the needs of the universal health and welfare, whatever they might be and regardless of mode or pattern ... one who holds dear the glorious heritage of the thousands of years (p. 175). The task of pharmacists may be traced back early in history to be of common ancestry with a physician in general practice as apothecaries. As recalled by Bond (2009), apothecaries used to dispense medicines prescribed by doctors, and / or recommend medications for those members of the population who can not afford to consult a physician. In the neo era, pharmacists are health care professionals whose specialty includes the actions, use and chemistry of drugs, as well as their formulation into medicines, and the methods by which these are utilised in the way of illnesses. The main function of a pharmacist is, therefore, to apply such expertise to enhance the efficacy of patient care. Another role of a pharmacist is to feed patients in deriving the greatest benefit from their prescribed medication and in offering advice to the general public regarding the management of the so-called self-limiting and minor conditions (Bond, 2009). Pharmacists also serve well consumers in the selection of effective medications from a range of over-the-counter drugs or as members of a team of health care professionals. Traditionally, pharmacists practice their profession in association with a health care facility or either as independent or salaried

Business Plan F Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Plan F - Essay ExampleThe solon business can contend to allure and create a large customer base. Many of our esteemed customers come from far distance to enjoy the services. In this regard, the salon management accommodate opted to coddle change as far as our brand, services, products, activities are concerned. It is the ambitions of owners to serve the entire city of London, demand from clients, and procurement of professional beauticians that made the management embrace the transition and venture into mobile debaucher.Two ladies own the venture Jane Sever and Susan Comb. The two together one gentlemen form the management group of walking beauty salon. The salons premises are located in the Baker Street on the south side. Walking beauty has talented and qualified team of beauticians. Also, the management team has personnel qualified in the field of hairdressing and beauty. With a new venture and strategies in place, the walking beauty expects a growing reputation to a ttract new customers and other beauticians into the new venture. To shift to mobile beauty operation and achieve the set goal, walking beauty seeks a bestow to finance the new venture sufficiently. The loan willing be serviced from the cash-inflow of the business. The loan will also be collateralized by the firms assets and backed by the personal guarantees, realize and character of the management.The firm needs new and more assets to transform the firms ways of operation. The firm will require start-up capital for leasehold, assets, maintenance and improvements in to start a new operation. The requirements to start the operation are legal fees, premises deposits, van, dryers, large mirror, two sided mirror, assorted brushes and combs, electric razors, pairs of scissors, computer, printer and spray bottle. The depreciation of long-term assets will be based on a straight line method.Walking

The China Threat and US Security Research Paper

The China Threat and US Security - Research Paper ExampleThe China threat to the coupled States has emerged as a result of the United States force support and cooperation to Taiwan and Japan. This sends a message of a stronger military coalition in the region that outsmart a threat to China, therefore giving room for the development and deployment of a stronger force by the communist republic of China combined with provocative and precedent sentiments on the issue (Gertz, 2002, p.8)The China Threat to US security is evolved from the actions of the United States further to the initial 1999 attack of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade and another military build-up along the Chinese border in cooperation with Japan (Gertz, 2002, p.1).The China Threat to US Security is substantial due to the various public statements and report in China that openly oppose the mono-polarity and hegemony of the US in terms of military and economy. Hence China has declared a limited war in the shield of a military invasion from the US to support Taiwan (Gertz, 2002, p.9).China has called for its people to follow the thought of Deng Xiaoping and Mao Zedong while moving forward to contact the goals of China. The Chinese government requires its people to follow the values of social modernization and socialist reform to open up new horizons of prosperity and development. The Chinese leading appeals to its people to work towards economic globalization and political multi-polarity at the turn of the century. The word multi-polarity is intended to overcome the mono-polarity of the United States and its position as a king of the world. The unfriendliness of China towards the US is further clear from the various reports and statements published in the Chinese media (Gertz 2002 p.10).

Problem Solution Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Problem Solution Argument - Essay ExampleThe multi-billion dollars academic research funded by marketers is manipulative and unethical so it should be considered illegal. Marketers have the rights to find ways on how to improve their services to maximize their profits. However, there should be a limit to how they hire such ways and maintain ethical principles as they work. Background Information Large companies hire researchers, consultants, and analysts to conduct studies on the various human behaviors using divergent methods. Especi completelyy during global crisis, companies are more driven to increase their sales profits. According to Gladwell article, the time per visit that the average American spends in a shop mall was sixty-six minutes last year down from seventy-two minutes in 1992- and is the lowest number recorded (Gladwell 95). With economic problems, consumers interests of going to malls had fallen. disdain the drop in the number of hours consumers spend in malls, sel lers profits can be improved through researches on consumer behaviors. Paco Underhill is a researcher who graduated from capital of South Carolina who had analyzed hours of shopping videotape in the past decades (Gladwell 95). Through analyzing consumer behaviors, marketers recognize that not all consumers are the same, which is why marketers now do segmentation of consumers. segmentation is another effective trick and method used by marketers to be able to create the right advertisement for the targeted consumers. Kids are well impacted by the segmentation system. Advertisement has changed rapidly from only a few large companies such as Disney, McDonald, and others, but in our contemporary society, now almost all companies target children for their own benefits. According to Eric Schlosser, Today children are being targeted by phone companies, oil companies, and automobilecompanies as well as clothing stores and restaurant manacles. Children are exposed to 40,000 commercials per year. American Companies are recorded to spend $800 million per year for kids advertisement and the revenues are triple. With $800 initial money, they earned $29 billion revenues. Moreover, the Europeans regress revenues between $620 to $930 million. This shows that kids bring huge profits to many producers. Marketers did not only do surveys but they also focused on kids to be questioned secretly without their parents expose to obtain the information. Thanks to the Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act that took effect on April, 2000, childrens exposure to abuse are a little limited. Nowadays, clubs appear to be the trend in getting to children. According to one Burger King executive, the creation of a Burger King Kids Club in 1991 increased the sales of childrens meals as much as 300 percent (Schlosser). In addition, researchers found out that about 80 percent of kids dream about animals. This information is used by many marketers to create imaginary figures that will be liked by the young children, used for advertisements to entice them. It is interesting to note how marketers target children because they are tardily manipulated due to their immaturity. Lastly, the other technique used by the researchers is Neuromarketing, a process where the possible responses of consumers are studied in order to create products that would meet their

1986 study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

1986 study - Essay ExampleThey continue in that when the convicted youth in criminal court is transferred their sanctions be more severe in nature and length.The study was both experimental and qualitative. They examined both the adjoin and outcome of youths that were charged in the new-made justice governing body that were identified having violent offences and were considered to be transferred to the criminal justice system. They fulfiled the data as part of a research and development initiative to test the force of an experimental treatment program for chronically violent delinquents. They wanted to investigate To what extent are violent youth transferred/convicted and sentenced? Is punishment in the criminal justice system harsher and longer than within the novel justice system? Does it occur more quickly? What are the unanticipated consequences of the transfer of certain offense types? How does the process and outcome differ by court and region? What are the legal and po licy implications of such disparities? p. 79They used a standardized protocol to gather their qualitative data on how the sites they studied officially identified the violent youth and transferred them to the criminal justice system. They stated that the, Information was collected on juvenile court data on filing of a petition to transfer and hearings on the motion, criminal court data on processing, trying, placing, and sentencing convicted youth and corrections alternatives for juvenile offenders. These data were analyzed to provide the qualitative description presented in this article. p. 80The participants were not assigned at random. They used two strategies to collect the data that were true and implemented. They used a standardized protocol and abstracts of court processing records in three cities Boston, Newark, and Phoenix. Memphis was excluded from this study.The sample consisted of 138 youths considered for

Kuder and Major paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kuder and Major paper - Essay ExampleWorkplace is extremely important to me where everyones views are respected with people being adjunct to each other.I strongly believe that workplace must be attractive enough so that one can devote maximum beat there volitionally and not out of compulsion. I would like to earn prestige from my colleagues and seniors through my hard work and commitment and therefore organization should earmark me enough leeway to go ahead in my chosen field. That is what precisely I mean by prestige and why it is important to me. I have sex that I will be able to climb higher ladders in my life history path through my zeal and devotion to the work that I willingly choose. So I am not concerned about salary as much as I am bothered about my credit entry in the job and that is necessary to have a sense of achievement in my life.While pursuing my high school in Qatar, I was obstinate to acquire a Bachelors degree from a good university in the US. The variety o f subjects in my course provides me a basic and essential understanding about several(prenominal) important disciplines such as management, administration, finance, managerial accounts banking, general management knowledge of all these subjects provide me a basic platform to choose from the numerous career paths available to me.Often, I think and work innovatively too however, I see that innovation in work values, in Kuders assessment is registered low. As I say I would prefer to do my work independently without much of the supervision except wherever necessary. From my self-knowledge, I can state that while working at Qatar Petroleum for almost four months, I worked with my colleagues and modified ways so that the total service time to customers got reduced by 25%. I everlastingly have a feeling that my work is important to me and I see myself as an important link in the whole chain of process to win a given task. I do recognize that my inefficiency will affect not only the work of others

The Role of Non-Executive Directors for the Best Work of Corporation Essay

The Role of Non-Executive Directors for the Best Work of Corporation - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates that corporate governance is mainly concentrated on the caper of a safety mechanism which ensures the interests of shareholders and the interests of the directors managing the company are aligned and observed. In fact, it deals with the ways in which suppliers of finance to the corporations assure themselves of getting a return on their investment. The governance problem arises when managers or directors interests of maximizing their own wealth, power and prestige and shareholders interests of increasing the value shareholders equity collide. This misalignment of interests was addressed by the agency theory genuine in the West. The theory assumes that interests of managers and principles or owners are not aligned because of the separation of ownership and control and the only mechanism to safeguard shareholders interests is to mechanism appropriate governance structures. The agency problem in the United States and the United Kingdom is between the management/board and outside diverse shareholders while in continental Europe and Japan and East Asian markets with their concentrated ownership structure the main conflict is between the major owners/directors and minority shareholders. Corporate scandals such as notorious Enron, Tyco, WorldCom, Polly Peck, HIH Insurance, and OneTel suggested the need for changes in corporate governance regulations all over the world. As trust towards company insiders as well as to auditors, analysts or regulators was shattered, governments started to think over regulations which would prevent such unfair practices. As the board of directors represents the interests of shareholders and controlssupervises the management, its effective functioning is a strong corporate governance mechanism.

ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) OF PLASMA IgM Lab Report

ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay) OF PLASMA immunoglobulin M - Lab Report ExampleAfter washing again to remove unbound enzyme a chromogenic substrate is added which develops colour upon reaction with the enzyme and measurement is recorded.Constructing a graph exploitation the data and extrapolating to get appropriate values the pursuance graph is generated. To construct the graph 0.088 was subtracted from 1st reading, 2nd reading and average reading and the values were plotted. Since, the readings for G were too high we had to use reading for F.ELISA helps in quantification and detection of antigens and in this case we detected human IgM and quantified their concentration in two plasma samples. One major advantage of using antibody to capture the antigen is that there is no need to purify the antigen (Gan and Pate, 2013). A standard curve was obtained using the trend of which we have predicted the concentrations of IgM in the sample pl asma.In swell up A and B we provided nothing but the TBS and therefore we obtained very low values which were a result of the some reactions between the substrate and the enzyme. From wells C, D, E to F we provided a gradual increase in the concentration of the IgM and a subsequent decrease in the TBS concentration and we obtained values of optical niggardness which showed a gradual increase in trend. Each of the wells is coated with antibodies which can react with the antigen under study. IgM is now added and it binds to the antibodies already bound to the walls. IgM is a pentamer and has a number of binding sites that allows it to bind to both the antibody and the enzyme linked antibody thereby allowing it to perform sandwich ELISA. Next, the enzyme linked antibody is added which is specific for plasma IgM antigen is added. great the number of antigens, greater will be the number of enzyme-bound antibodies as well. After the substrate is added a colored product is obtained. The intensity

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essay Example for Free

initiative architecture as Strategy EssayTechnology is shifting at a speedy rate resulting in development of new methods that assist in completion of certain techno logical demand. This has presumptuousness birth to diametric enterprise computer architecture frameworks that encounter the requirements of day-to-day activities. Architecture is a framework of guidelines, principles, models, standards and strategies that directs, construction and development of business process, approach pattern and information and resources by enterprise. Hence, enterprise architecture is a blueprint, which defines the structure and exploit of a given over governing body (Fowler Rice 2003). Thus, a foundation in which an organization buttocks determine how to achieve current and future aims. There atomic number 18 many types of EA frameworks with specified capabilities. Some of these frameworks include ToGAF, Zachman, FEAF, DoDAF and EAP. The aim of this paper is to analyze ToGAF, an d analyze how it comp ares with other EA frameworks. The Open Group Architecture exemplar (TOGAF) is an enterprise architecture framework, which approaches the development of enterprise information architecture through design, training, governance and implementation.This EA framework employs four pillars to achieve its goals Application, Business, Technology and Data. Before the architect plans for current and future aims of the organization, they are provided with foundation architectures that form the basis that they will use for the new development. The four pillars play a crucial role in ensuring that the process is successful. Business architecture allows the definition of governance, business strategy, the organization and any other important processes of the given organization.Applications architecture allows the provision of the blueprint for the specific application to enable the interaction, deployment and create relationships betwixt the important business processes of a given organization. Data architecture describes the structure of the given organization and defines physical and logical data assets that are in the given organization. Technical architecture defines the software, hardware and network infrastructure that is in place and the required technical resources to accomplish the mission in question.The original aim of the TOGAF was to design and develop technology architecture for a given business entity. However, the framework has evolved becoming a methodology that is used to analyze overall business architecture. This resulted into change integrity of the enterprise methodology into two parts Architecture Development Method (ADM) and Enterprise continuum. The ADM ensures that the enterprise architecture meets the requirements of the organization in terms of business ask and information technology needs.Its ability to be tailored ensures that organizational needs are factored in each of the different execution steps of the architectur e planning process. The process is usually cyclic and iterative because the entire process is split into phases. The ADM supports nine phases the first is the preliminary and the second to the ninth ranges from physique A to Phase H. Each phase requirements are checked and ensured that it fulfills its prefatory needs. For example, Phase C combines Application and Data architecture and phase B and C ensure that the lucidness of the information architecture is achieved (Lankhorst 2005).For the ADM to be successful, Enterprise Continuum comes handy. Generally, the Enterprise Continuum can be seen as a virtual repository of all the assets of the architecture that is in an organization. These assets whitethorn include architectural patterns, architectural models, architecture descriptions and other important artifacts. Enterprise Continuum brings together Solutions and Architecture Continuum. The Architecture Continuum structures the re-usable architecture assets, which brings togethe r representations, rules, relationships of information systems that are usable to the enterprise.The Solutions Continuum defines the blocks that are used by the Architecture Continuum. This then allows the architectural building models and blocks that assists building the architecture design and eliminates ambiguity during analysis and implementation of the process. Usually on that point is a relationship between the different EA frameworks in terms of how it operates and expressions that enables it to accomplish its duties. Zachman Framework and TOGAF ADM part share close to common features. ADM mapping in relation to the Zachman Framework supports a correlation.The Zachman Framework has a well established and comprehensive taxonomy that supports various models, viewpoints and other important artifacts, which an enterprise may consider development as a phase of the EA (White 2007). The Zachman Framework covers the 30 cells, but the TOGAF does not cover all the cells. However, it is possible for the TOGAF to develop viewpoints to accomplish aspects of Zachman Framework. Nevertheless(prenominal), there are some viewpoints that are support by TOGAF, which are not included in the Zachman Framework. For example, the missing viewpoints include manageability and security.The purpose of the architecture is to define viewpoints, an aspect that is back up by the TOGAF ADM but lacks in Zachman Framework. Zachman Framework vertical axis provides a source of potential viewpoints patch the horizontal may provide generic taxonomy concerns. Thus, the Zachman Framework does not have means for processes for conformant views or developing viewpoints. Hence, it does not employ a perspective that is shown by TOGAFs ADM. FEAF structure resembles with TOGAF because it is portioned into Data, Business, Technology and Applications Architectures.Thus, it contains guidance that is same to TOGAF architecture and its architectural viewpoints and perspectives. However, the rows th at are in the FEAF matrix do not directly map to TOGAF structure. However, the mapping of ADM to Zachman Framework has some correlation between TOGAF and FEAF. Hence, the columns that are in the FEAF matrix correspond to the three architecture domains that are supported by TOGAF the fourth TOGAF domain covers business architecture that lacks in the FEAF structure.Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) is a framework that brings together Applications, Information and Technology Architectures in fulfilling the requirements of architecture. Thus, it shares many concepts with TOGAF because the aim of EAP is to form blueprints for architectures to solve business problems. Moreover, EAP supports the nine phases that are supported by the TOGAF (White 2007). The first three phases in the EAP (Business Architecture) maps to the Phase B of TOGAF ADM. Baseline Description, which is the step 4 in EAP maps to Phases C and D of TOGAF ADM.These are some of the basic features that both frameworks s hare. However, EAP does not support taxonomy of various views and viewpoints when compared to the TOGAF architecture. Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) defines the architecture systems into consistent and complementary views. It defines a structure and mechanisms that help in understanding, visualizing and assimilating the complexities and broad scope of a given architecture design through tabular, graphic and textual means. Thus, it shares minimal aspect with TOGAF.In fact, TOGAF focus on the methodology of architecture in terms of how to without bringing into circumstance architecture description constructs. This perspective is different when it comes to the DODAF architecture. DoDAF main functionality focus on the architecture through a given set of views without any specified methodology, a perspective that is different from TOGAF, which has a specific methodology (Bernus Fox 2005). ADM guides the focussing that TOGAF operates, an aspect that is less exhibi ted in the DoDAF.This is because the purpose of architecture determines description of use and supports a well tailored process to fulfill the requirements of the EA (McGovern Ambler 2003). DODAF requires that all information, analysis and products to build should be put forefront before building the architecture. However, TOGAF specify certain requirements that should be in place and grouped into the four pillars. DoDAF supports three views System, Operational and Technical while the TOGAF support four views. However, views in DoDAF differs from the view that is seen in the TOGAF.Deliverables and artifacts that are defined in the DoDAF have no corresponding parts in the TOGAF ADM. This is because DoDAF goes deeper in find out details of the specific architecture. Thus, DoDAF are at the system design level rather than in TOGAF, which is in the architecture level. Nevertheless, the level of detail can be included in the ADM especially at Phase B, C and D of the TOGAF. Enterprise Ar chitecture plays an important role in ensuring that the business strategy and the requirements of a certain process are achieved.TOGAF approach is useful in achieving a business-oriented process through a well defined methodology. TOGAF have common features and minor(ip) differences with other EA such as the Zachman, FEAF, DoDAF and EAP. The view and viewpoint that is incorporated by the TOGAF ensures that the requirements of the organization are achieved. Thus, TOGAF plays an important role, which is envisaged by other Enterprise Architecture Framework. It fulfills the requirements that it is assigned, however, fulfills it different from the other EA frameworks. ReferencesBernus, P. Fox, M. (2005). Knowledge Sharing in the Integrated Enterprise Interoperability Strategies for the Enterprise Architect. London Birkhauser. The news addresses Enterprise Architectures and Enterprise Integration in a way that reads it easy to utilize Enterprise Models and other Modeling Tools. It bri ngs together the different models and forms of a framework into fulfilling a requirement. Thus, it develops interchange models between the given modeling tools, bear on its interdependencies and knowledge on the re-use of enterprise models.The authors besides provide means towards the achievement of the ISO90012000. The track record brings into friendship Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM04) and International Conference on Enterprise Integration and Modeling Technology (ICEIMT04). Fowler, M. Rice, D. (2003). Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture. New York Addison-Wesley Publishers. The give-and-take provides proven solutions to the problems that are experienced by information system developers.The book utilizes code example in terms of C+ and Java. The book turns the problems that are associated with enterprise applications developers into a new strategy that eliminates these problems and ensures that the developers are in an envi ronment that they can easily embrace. The authors helps professionals to understand complex issues associated with architecture. The book shows that architecture is crucial in completion of application development and multi-user environment.In addition, the book provides patterns and context in EA that enables the contributor to have proper means to make the cover decisions. Lankhorst, M. (2005). Enterprise Architecture at Work Modeling, Communication, and Analysis. New York customs. The authors bring clearly the complexities that are associated with architectural domains. It brings into consideration description of the enterprise architecture and fulfillment into an organization in terms of processes, structure, systems, applications and techniques.The book brings into consideration description of components and unambiguous specification to allow for a logical modeling language. They utilize their skills in ensuring that the architects have concrete skills that fulfill the archi tectural practice. It also gives means that allows communication between stakeholders that are involved in these architectures. The authors also provide means to assess both qualitative impact and quantitative aspects of the given architectures. Modeling language that is utilized has been used in real-life cases.McGovern, J. Ambler, S. (2003). A operable Guide to Enterprise Architecture. New York Prentice Hall PTR. The authors of the book have hands-on experience in solving real-world problems for major corporations. The book contains guidelines that assist the architects to make sense of the systems, data, services, software, methodologies, and product lines. The book also provides explanation of the theory and its application to the real world business needs. Perks, C. Beveridge, T. (2003). Guide to Enterprise IT Architecture.New York Springer Publishers. The book brings into consideration different Enterprise Architecture frameworks. The authors clearly explains development of a modeling concept through various technical architecture, e-business and gap analysis. Moreover, the book brings into consideration operating systems and software engineering principles. Moreover, the book relates EA with service instances, distributed computing, application software and enterprise application integration. Ross, J. Weill, P. (2006).Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Creating a basis for Business Execution. Chicago Harvard Business Press. The aim of EA is to define the requirements of an organization in terms of job roles, standardized tasks, infrastructure, system and data. Moreover, the book also gives guidelines in the way that organizations will compete in a digitalized world providing managers with means to make decisions and realize visions that they had planned. Thus, the book explains EA vital role in fulfilling the execution of a given business strategy.The book provides thoughtful case examples, clear frameworks, and a proven and effective way of achie ving EA. Scheer, A. Kruppke, H. (2006). Agility by ARIS Business Process Management. New York Springer Publishers. The authors brings into consideration the benefits that are associated with utilizing of varies EA frameworks. It brings into consideration the various differences that are seen in each EA framework. Moreover, the authors explores the benefits that will result if a given framework is utilized in a given business strategy.Thus, the book is business oriented with EA playing an important role. Schekkerman, J. (2003). How to Survive in the Jungle of Enterprise Architecture Frameworks, 2nd Ed. New York Trafford Publishers. This book defines the role that is played by enterprise Architecture Frameworks bringing clearly the main difference between the common Enterprise Architecture Frameworks. This book provides the right procedures and means that can allow selection of the right Enterprise Architecture Framework.The book further gives the history and overview of various Ente rprise Architecture Frameworks and the capabilities that the specified Enterprise Architecture. Some common features of EA that the book explores are principles, purpose, scope, structure, and compliance and guidance to ensure that the right EA is chosen. Wagter, R. Steenbergen, M. (2005). Dynamic Enterprise Architecture How to Make it work. New York John Wiley and Sons Publications. The authors of the book present a way towards EA that enables organizations to achieve the objectives of their business.The book focuses on governance of the IT organization, advice and strategies provide tangible tools that assist in the achievement of the goals of the organization. If all the directives are followed the organization will achieve its goals at a faster speed. White, J. (2007). Managing Information in the Public Sector. New York M. E. Sharpe. The book covers the basis of information technology, political and managerial issues that turn over the EA. This book is specifically written for the public and it covers all problems that are related to IT and the public.

Credit Protection Identity Theft Essay Example for Free

Credit Protection Identity Theft Essay1. If you find errors on your address report, what steps would you take to correct them?In my personal experience, I had an error on my credit report when I was applying for a loan with my bank. I did not get approved for my loan even though one month prior I was approved and I had a low engagement rate due to my high score. A few days later I received a letter in the mail explaining why on with my current credit report which dropped almost 100 points. I emailed one of the bureaus, explaining that there was an error with my report. I had to mail in a copy of 2 forms of ID, my letter stating my current credit report and the letter I received a month prior. Within a short time, they corrected my credit score.2. at that place ar many organizations that claim they will repair your credit for a fee. From your readings, should someone use a credit repair service? Why or why not? What are some actions these organizations can take that should b e a red flag?Based on my readings and personal experience, people should not use credit repair services because the ratio of scams out there online are very high. In the technology age we are in, it is very patrician to fall victim to identity element theft, even from a simply online purchase. With that same concept, free credit reports and repair services are not excluded just because it claims to help. precisely one bladesite is authorized under law to disclose such personal information to you via internet that is certified annualcreditreport.com. Any other type of website that offers free reports are not part of the legally mandated free annual credit report program. If yu receive any emails, asking you to disclose personal information, it is a scam and should be reported.3. Have you, a family member, or a friend been a victim of identity theft? How did it happen? Describe the resolution process- ex. how much time did it take, what credit damage was corrected?My Master Sergea nt I worked for while in the Marine Corps was a victim of identity theft while temporarily overseas. He used his government credit card in Europe to pay for his hotel room. 2 weeks later, when he was back in the states, the bank called him to confirm that he had been in Asia and the Middle East within 24 hours. He put a freeze on all his accounts and had to file a report of the incident. later on the claim was routed, he was reimbursed and had to reopen a new account for his government credit card.4. Using the FTC site, what can you do to minimize the chance of your identity get stolen?To minimize the chance of my identity getting stolen, per off the FTC site, I should have a safety lockbox to store all my personal information in. I should minimize what I carry with me while Im not home to the essentials so I may reduce the risk at having an identity theft. I should also shred receipts, bank statements, credit applications, checks, and any other forms of sensitive information when Im through with the document and I no longer need it. I should be aware of the lock icon in the URL when giving out personal information on the web to ensure the transmission is secure. Finally, I should not over share on social media websites.

Black Elk Speaks Essay Example for Free

ignominious elk Speaks EssayBlack elk Speaks is about a Native American boy that has visions and these visions help him with the religious aspects of live. He has these visions that tell him what to do and shows him the path to righteousness. These visions can also be seen as myths, which ar stories that try to explain well-nighthing. E real finishing has their own collection of myths. Black Elk Speaks is also a very symbolic book, be draw it has the use of umpteen objects or people that represent separate things. In the American culture, as intimately as other cultures around the world, be also very symbolic.The American culture is very diverse in that there atomic number 18 many divers(prenominal) cultures that have mixed and created the American culture. The American culture is not something that is easily explained, because it is so mixed with many other cultures from around the world. At first there were American Indians and they brought along their tribes and myths and rituals. Then came the British and over time the Chinese because of the California gold rush. In time America was in habited with many different nationalities and ideas. These ideas were slowly but surely blended together.As for example, when the British shared their meal with the Indians they were also sharing their culture and food. The exchange of food and other ideas brought the two distant worlds closer. The more important ideas are what does all this exchanging of food and ideas symbolize? A symbol is something such(prenominal) as an object, picture, written word, sound, or fact mark that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention(Wikipedia, 1).The object used in Black Elk Speaks is a pipe, given to them by a young and very beautiful woman, which symbolizes trust and companionship. Now, my friend, let us smoke together so that there may be only good between us (Black Elk Speaks, 5). Black Elk and Neihardt have a smoke together to share thei r friendship and trust between the two. The pipe can also symbolize heartsease amongst people and/or tribes. Another act, such as the killing of a bison, might be seen as bravery, integrity, courage, pride. The American culture changed drastically when more cultures were included, such as the Chinese and African Americans.Slaves brought in from Africa, which meant that they brought along their culture and tendencies to America. Even though slavery was not the right thing to do, it brought a new culture into America and made it more diverse and developed. For example, superstitions are something that has shaped the culture as well. Spilled salt, walking under a ladder, a broken mirror, etc. are all superstitions that are said to lead to risky luck. When someone does one of these things they believe that bad luck is upon them. This causes them to act in a different way.Something bad in the future happens they may turn and blame it on the bad luck. Maybe some of the things that happe n are just coincidences but culture has taught us to believe that it was the bad luck caused by the spilled salt, broken mirror, or walking under a ladder. Another big symbol in Black Elk Speaks is the four ribbons tied to the pipe that Black Elk and Neihardt smoke. It represents the powers of the four quarters of the universe. There are four ribbons tired to the pipe and each ribbon is a different color, which symbolizes a different power.Black is for the west, the source of the rain red is for the east, the place of the morning star that gives wisdom white is for the north, source of cleansing lead-in and yellow is for the south, the places of summer and growth. Myths are another big thing that shapes a culture. Black Elks visions are like the myths in this story. In his vision, a bay sawbuck greets Black Elk. He then tells Black Elk that he will tell him a story of the life history of himself. The horse walks in a circular motion Behold me he said, My life-history you shall se e. Behold themTheir history you shall know (Black Elk Speaks, 19). Each side that the horse goes to there are twelve horses that are each in a group of different colors. The horses to the north are white, those to the east are sorrel, those to the south are buckskin, and the ones to the west are black. The horses will take Black Elk to his Grandfathers. The sky fills with dancing horses that change into diverse creators and lead a formation of the horses from the four directions. They arrive at a cloud those changes into a tepee with a rainbow door, which inside the six Grandfathers are waiting.A myth is like a traditional story which usually contains some sort of hero or event. In this myth, the vision that Black Elk is having, is an event that is occurring. A bay horse appears in front of him and shows him the way to tack the six Grandfathers. Sometimes myths may sound like a fairy tale. For example, in ancient China, there was once this monkey that was very troublesome and caus e destruction to the heavens. He was punished and put under a mountain. After about several hundred to a thousand years a monk comes along to save the monkey and there starts a journey of adventures and evil to obtain immortality.This is a myth because it is a legend of a hero that is punished for his crimes and therefore pays his debt by serving under his master. There are many aspects of a culture. The American culture is very diverse and tough to explain in one short answer. There is no true American culture because it is just a mixture of different cultures from around the world. Black Elk Speaks shows the forms of myths and symbols and how they founder to American culture. Black Elks myths and symbols are very similar to those of the American culture.

Analysis of International Relations Theory

Analysis of supranational Relations TheoryINTERNATIONAL traffic THEORYWhy do offers behave the way they do in the foreignistic system? Some people argue that this is a question of international relations theory while others say it is a question of foreign policy theory1. For our designs, we shall consider them as the same issue. The demeanour of the subjects is the central question which the theories of International Relations or theories of foreign policy are trying to answer. Various authors develop theory to explain the behaviour of all differentiates and not just i suppose which leads to the problem. No single theory is able to encompass all states. Finding a universal pattern has evaded us so far and the motley theories stated are only an attempt to get one theory which defines the behaviour of most of the states. Few of these theories are briefly touched upon in the sideline paragraphs.Realism. Realists believe that the international system is defined by anarchy. S tates are sovereign and thus autonomous of each other and no inherent structure or society slew emerge or even exist to order relations between them. In International Relations, political realism is a customs of analysis that stresses the imperatives states face to pursue a power politics of the national interest2. Realist emphasises the constraints on politics imposed by human selfishness (egoism) and the absence of international reign overment (anarchy), which require the primacy in all political life of power and security3.Classical realism. This is a state level theory that argues that all states look to for power and this is the first and last principle of state behaviour. States waitk to increase their power they seek to decrease the power of their enemies and everything they do is in the name of amassing power. States see other powerful states as rivals because power, when it is not in your hands, is threatening4. There can be peace. However, a durable peace is based upo n a unwavering residue of power. If a state is not confident of winning a war, it generally will not start one.Neo-realism. This theory suggests a system that is an offshoot of Graeco-Roman realism. It agrees to all of what classical realism does. However, it sees the cause of all the power struggles and rivalries not as a business of the nature of states, but as a function of the nature of the international system5. States are considered as being alone in the arena of the world. There is no world government or a locate up looking out for other states. There are no rules that cant be broken. The world is in a set of tumult and states do what they can get away with in order to gain power. States do what they must to protect themselves. This theory dominates scholarly thinking today and is sometimes referred to in respect of the international relations prevalent in South Asia6.Neo-Classical realism. This theory is in a way restoration of classical realism. It accepts all about(p redicate) power rivalries, but it suggests that state characteristics (state level variables) play a major role in the behaviour of states. States dont just search for power. They do not simply fear other powerful states but there are reasons that states seek power and there are reasons that states fear other states. Its a sort of combination of classical realism and neo-realism that factors in both system level and state level variables.Liberalism. The Liberalism theory adds values into the equation. It is often called idealism. It is a state level theory which argues that there is a lot of cooperation in the world, not just rivalry. States dont just compete or refer about power. States try to build a more just world order. For liberals, peace is the normal state of affairs. In Kants words, peace can be perpetual7.Neo-liberalism. This is an offshoot of liberalism. It is a system level translation of liberalism and focuses on the way in which institutions can influence the behaviou r of states by spreading values or creating rule-based behaviour8. Neo-liberals might focus on the role of the United Nations or World Trade Organization in shaping the foreign policy behaviour of states.Rationalism. This theory, analogous realism begins with anarchy but unlike realism, it acknowledges that the sense of belonging to the community of humankind has left its civilising mark upon the state and international relation9.Constructivism is a theory that examines state behaviour in the context of states characteristics. All states are distinctive and have a set of defining economic, political, social, religious or pagan characteristics that influence its foreign policy. States have identities and those identities characterise their behaviour in the international system. A late-twentieth-century addition to international relations, Constructivism has returned international relations scholars to the foundation questions including the nature of state and the concepts of sovere ignty, identity and citizenship. In addition, it has opened new substantive areas to enquire such as role of gender and ethnicity which has been largely absent from other theories10.Marxism, Critical Theory, bear Modernism, Feminism, Green Politics, English School and Critical Theory are few other popular theories in regards to International theories. Each author is developing a theory in order to explain the behaviour of all states and not just few of them. Finding a common pattern of activity, common rules that can be used to explain why all state behave in a manner has not been possible so far. Hence, trying to break apart the relations between two countries on the datum of these existing theory will not be doing justice. Scholars see several levels of analysis through which state behaviour can be examined and these form the basis of IR theories itself. These levels shall be discussed in the following paragraphs.Levels of AnalysisSystem level. This level of analysis examines st ate behaviour by looking at the international system. In this level of analysis, the international system acts as the cause which leads to the effect of state behaviour. Any change in the international system causes change in state behaviour.State level. This level of analysis examines the foreign policy behaviour of states in terms of states characteristics. The states characteristics foreign policy may be simply manifestation of its cultural characteristic or may be defined by the religious or social traditions, historical legacy of the state, the economic nature and geographic nature of the state.Organisational level. This level of analysis examines the way in which organisations within state influence foreign policy behaviour. If this level is dominant, the States does not make decisions. Organisations negotiate with each other to create a foreign policy that is a gag rule between competing organisations.Individual level. This level of analysis focuses on people. Since people a re the ones who make decisions within nation states, therefore, it can be said that it is these people who govern foreign policy. This level of analysis explains foreign policy by looking at the way leaders understand /perceive the world.Although all scholars acknowledge the utility program of paying attention to levels of the analysis, they differ on how many levels are useful in explaining events. Most political scientists apply between three and six levels11. For the purpose of this paper, above four levels will be considered for the analysis of Indo-Sri Lankan relations.1 newlymann,Bill. A Brief Introduction to Theories on International Relations and Foreign constitution. Retrieved on 02 descent 14. http//www.people.vcu.edu/wnewmann/468theory.htm2 Burchill,Scott, et al. Theories of International relations. Third Edition. 2005. New York. Palgrave Macmilan.P 293 Ibid. P 304 Newmann,Bill. A Brief Introduction to Theories on International Relations and Foreign Policy. Retrieved on 02 Dec 14. http//www.people.vcu.edu/wnewmann/468theory.htm5 Ibid.6 Newmann,Bill. A Brief Introduction to Theories on International Relations and Foreign Policy. Retrieved on 02 Dec 14. http//www.people.vcu.edu/wnewmann/468theory.htm7 Burchill,Scott , Linklater,Andrew, et al. Theories of International Relations. premiere edition. 1996. New York and London. Macmillam. .P 318 Newmann,Bill. A Brief Introduction to Theories on International Relations and Foreign Policy. Retrieved on 02 Dec 14. http//www.people.vcu.edu/wnewmann/468theory.htm9 Burchill,Scott , Linklater,Andrew, et al. Theories of International Relations. First edition. 1996. New York and London. Macmillam. .P 9410 Mingst, Karen and Arreguin-Toft, Ivan M. Essentials of International Relations. Fifth Edition.2011. New York and London. WW Norton Company. P8411 Mingst, Karen and Arreguin-Toft, Ivan M. Essentials of International Relations. Fifth Edition.2011. New York and London. WW Norton Company. P69